Electrical Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

ISBN-13: 9781119483601 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 256 str.

Omar S. Mazzoni

Spis treści

Preface

Chapter 1: Elements of a Power System

The Alternating Current One Line Diagram

Basis for One Line Representation

Main Electrical Components of Power Plants

Transmission Lines, Switchyards, and Substation

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 2: Nuclear Power Plants, General Information

Introduction

Environmental Impact

Nuclear Generation Fuel Cycle

Evolution of Nuclear Power Generation

Nuclear Power in the United States

Plans for New Reactors Worldwide

Increased Capacity

Nuclear Plant Construction

Nuclear Plant Licensing

Current Commercial Nuclear Plants

Evolutionary Commercial Nuclear Plants

Advanced Reactors

Nuclear Accidents: Three Mile Island, Chernobil, and Fukushima Events

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 3: Special Regulations and Requirements

Regulations

IEEE Standards

NRC Regulatory Guides

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 4: Unique Requirements – Class 1E Power System

Class 1E Electrical Systems – General Description

Specific Requirements for Class 1E AC Power Systems

Specific Requirements for Class 1E DC Power Systems

Specific Requirements for Class 1E Instrumentation and Control Systems

Specific Requirements for Class 1E Containment Electrical Penetrations

Specific Requirements for Emergency On–Site AC Power Sources

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 5: Nuclear Plants Containment Electrical Penetration Assemblies

Containment Electrical Penetration Assemblies General

Service Classification

Electrical Design Requirements

Mechanical Design Requirements

Fire Resistance Requirements

Qualified Life

Qualification Tests

Design Tests

Production Tests

Monitoring and Testability

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 6: On–Site Emergency AC Source

General Requirements of the Emergency AC Source

General Requirements of Diesel Generators used as Emergency AC Source

EDG General Requirements Load Carrying Capability

EDG General Requirements Speed Control

EDG General Requirements – Protection Considerations

Specific Design Requirements for Emergency Diesel Generators

EDG Specific Design Requirements Surveillance Systems

Factory Qualification

General

Factory Qualification – Testing and Analyses

Factory Qualification –Engine Tests

Factory Qualification – Generator Tests

Factory Qualification – Initial Type Tests of the EDG Set

Factory Qualification – Start and Load Acceptance Tests

Factory Qualification – Aging Test

Factory Qualification – Seismic Requirements

Site Acceptance Testing

Site Pre–Operational Testing

Site Operational Testing

Site Periodic Testing Applicable Terms

Site Periodic Testing

Test Parameters to Be Recorded

Records

Site Periodic Testing and Surveillance – Preventive Maintenance Program

Recommended Program for EDG Monitoring and Trending Parameters

Diesel–Generator Unit Reliability Program Elements

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 7: On–Site Emergency DC Source

Energy Storage Systems for Nuclear Generating Stations

General Requirements of Direct Current Systems

Design Requirements

Operating Mode of DC Storage Systems

Capability, Availability, Independence, and Testing of Battery Systems

Installation of Battery Systems

Classification of Loads in Terms of Service Duration Requirements

Battery Duty Cycle Diagram

Cell Selection

Determining Battery Size

Battery Chargers

Function, Capability, Availability, Independence, and Testing of Battery Chargers

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 8: Protective Relaying

General

General Criteria for the Protection System

Specific Criteria for Protection of AC Systems

Switchgear and Bus Protection

Bus Voltage Monitoring Schemes

Protection of Motors and Feeder Circuits

Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) Protection

Load Shedding and Sequential Loading

Protection against Unbalanced Voltages

Negative–Sequence Protection

Negative–Sequence Current Relay (Device 46)

Device 47 Phase–Sequence or Phase–Balance Voltage Relay

Degraded Voltage Protection

Surge Protection

Protection for Instrumentation and Control Power System

Protection Aspects for Auxiliary System Automatic Bus Transfer

Protection for Primary Containment Electrical Penetration Assemblies

Protection of Valve Actuator Motors (VAMs) (Direct Gear Driven)

Protection for DC Systems

Testing and Surveillance of Protective Systems

Preoperational Tests

Surveillance

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 9: Interface of the Nuclear Plant with the Grid

PPS Safety Function

Requirements of the PPS

General254

Availability, Capacity, Capability, and Independence

Lightning and Surge Protection

Reliability

Interface between the Nuclear Plant and the Grid

The Transmission Grid Operator and the Nuclear Plant Operator Should Establish the Following Criteria for Interface (see IEEE 765)

The Number of Transmission Circuits Required to be in Service for Normal, Startup, Shutdown, and Accident Conditions

Transmission Line and Switchyard Protective Relaying

Connections of the PPS to the Class 1E Systems

Switchyard Grounding

Switchyard and Transmission Line Surveillance and Testing

Effect of PPS Voltage Degradation on the Class 1E Bus

Multi–Unit Considerations

Sharing of PPSs

Considerations for PPS Reliability in a Deregulated Environment

IEEE 765 Provides a Suggested Preferred Power System Interface Agreement with the Objective to Provide a Structure of an Agreement Document and the Suggested Contents to Ensure that All Parties Understand their Responsibilities in the Design, Maintenance, and Operation of the Off–Site Power System

Transmission System Studies (TSS)

Alternate AC (AAC) Source

Study of Recent Events

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 10: Station Blackout (SBO) – Issues and Regulations

Introduction

Regulations Relating to SBO Requirements

Specific SBO Requirements

SBO Coping Duration

SBO Coping Capability

AAC Power Sources

Procedures and Training

QA and Specifications for Non–Safety–Related Equipment

Monitoring of the Grid Condition

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 11: Review of Electric Power Calculations

Introduction

Load and Voltage calculations

Motor starting calculations

Calculation of Motor Starting Time

Short Circuit calculations

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 12: Plant Life – Equipment Aging, Life Extension, and Decommissioning

Nuclear Plant Licensed Life

Importance of Maintenance The Maintenance Rule

Definition of Maintenance

Use of Plant Programs

Use of Reliability–Based Programs

Safety–Significance Ranking Methodology

Use of Probabilistic Risk Assessments

Maintenance Risk Assessments

Cable Monitoring Methods and Techniques

Emergency Diesel Generators

Interpretation of Standby

The License Renewal Rule

Interpretation of Ageing

Effects of Plant Ageing

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Chapter 13: Electrical and Control Systems Inspections

Purpose of Inspections

Objectives of Inspections

Areas of Review

Typical Approach to the Review

Acceptance Criteria

Questions and Problems

References and Bibliography

Appendix 1 Abbreviations

Appendix 2 Definitions

Index

O autorze

Omar S. Mazzoni, PE, D.Sc., is the Owner/President–Founder of Systems Research International, Inc., and has been a consultant for electrical systems in the energy industry for more than 49 years. He has been an instructor for special courses for government agencies in the U.S. and abroad, as well as teaching university–level courses at George Washington University, Pratt Institute of New York, Zimbabwe University, and Harare Polytechnic. Dr. Mazzoni is also an IEEE Life Sr. Member, and has contributed to multiple IEEE standards.

Blurb

Covers all aspects of electrical systems for nuclear power plants written by an authority in the field

Based on author Omar Mazzoni s notes for a graduate level course he taught in Electrical Engineering, this book discusses all aspects of electrical systems for nuclear power plants, making reference to IEEE nuclear standards and regulatory documents. It covers such important topics as the requirements for equipment qualification, acceptance testing, periodic surveillance, and operational issues. It also provides excellent guidance for students in understanding the basis of nuclear plant electrical systems, the industry standards that are applicable, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission rules for designing and operating nuclear plants.

Electrical Systems for Nuclear Power Plants offers in–depth chapters covering: elements of a power system; special regulations and requirements; unique requirements of a Class 1E power system; nuclear plants containment electrical penetration assemblies; on–site emergency AC sources; on–site emergency DC sources; protective relaying; interface of the nuclear plant with the grid; station blackout (SBO) issues and regulations; review of electric power calculations; equipment aging and decommissioning; and electrical and control systems inspections. This valuable resource:

• Evaluates industry standards and their relationship to federal regulations
• Discusses Class 1E equipment, emergency generation, the single failure criterion, plant life, and plant inspection
• Includes exercise problems for each chapter

Electrical Systems for Nuclear Power Plants is an ideal text for instructors and students in electrical power courses, as well as for engineers active in operating nuclear power plants.