Electric Power Systems with Renewables: Simulation s Using PSS (R)E

ISBN-13: 9781119844877 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 350 str.

Mohan

Spis treści

Preface xiiiTable of Simulations Using Pss(r)e, Python, and Matlab/simulink(r) xvAbout the Companion Website xviiChapter 1 Introduction to Power Systems: a Changing Landscape 11.1 Nature of Power Systems 21.2 Changing Landscape of Power Systems Due to Utility Deregulation 41.3 Integration of Renewables Into the Grid 51.4 Topics in Power Systems 6References 9Problems 9Chapter 2 Review of Basic Electric Circuits and Electromagnetic Concepts 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Phasor Representation in a Sinusoidal Steady State 122.3 Power, Reactive Power, and Power Factor 162.4 Three-Phase Circuits 222.5 Real and Reactive Power Transfer between AC Systems 302.6 Equipment Ratings, Base Values, and Per-Unit Quantities 322.7 Energy Efficiencies of Power System Equipment 332.8 Electromagnetic Concepts 34Reference 44Problems 44Appendix 2A 47Chapter 3 Electric Energy and the Environment 513.1 Introduction 513.2 Choices and Consequences 513.3 Hydropower 533.4 Fossil-Fuel-Based Power Plants 533.5 Nuclear Power 553.6 Renewable Energy 583.7 Distributed Generation (DG) 663.8 Environmental Consequences and Remedial Actions 66References 68Problems 68Chapter 4 Ac Transmission Lines and Underground Cables 714.1 Need for Transmission Lines and Cables 714.2 Overhead AC Transmission Lines 724.3 Transposition of Transmission-Line Phases 734.4 Transmission-Line Parameters 744.5 Distributed-Parameter Representation of Transmission Lines in a Sinusoidal Steady State 824.6 Surge Impedance Z c and Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) 844.7 Lumped Transmission-Line Models in a Steady State 864.8 Cables 88References 89Problems 90Appendix 4A Long Transmission Lines 92Chapter 5 Power Flow in Power System Networks 955.1 Introduction 955.2 Description of the Power System 965.3 Example Power System 975.4 Building the Admittance Matrix 985.5 Basic Power-Flow Equations 1005.6 Newton-Raphson Procedure 1015.7 Solution of Power-Flow Equations Using the Newton-Raphson Method 1045.8 Fast Decoupled Newton-Raphson Method for Power Flow 1095.9 Sensitivity Analysis 1105.10 Reaching the Bus VAR Limit 1105.11 Synchronized Phasor Measurements, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUS), and Wide-Area Measurement Systems 1115.12 dc Power Flow 111References 112Problems 112Appendix 5A Gauss-Seidel Procedure for Power-Flow Calculations 113Appendix 5B Remote Bus Voltage Control by Generators 114Chapter 6 Transformers in Power Systems 1196.1 Introduction 1196.2 Basic Principles of Transformer Operation 1196.3 Simplified Transformer Model 1256.4 Per-Unit Representation 1276.5 Transformer Efficiencies and Leakage Reactances 1316.6 Regulation in Transformers 1316.7 Autotransformers 1326.8 Phase Shift Introduced by Transformers 1346.9 Three-Winding Transformers 1356.10 Three-Phase Transformers 1366.11 Representing Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios, Taps, and Phase Shifts 1376.12 Transformer Model in PSS(r)E 140References 141Problems 141Chapter 7 Grid Integration of Inverter-based Resources (ibrs) and Hvdc Systems 1457.1 Climate Crisis 1467.2 Interface Between Renewables/Batteries and The Utility Grid 1467.3 High-Voltage DC (HVDC) Transmission Systems 1527.4 IEEE P2800 Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter-Based Resources Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems 156References 157Problems 157Appendix 7A Operation of Voltage Source Converters (vscs) [7a1] 157Appendix 7B Operation of Thyristor-Based Line- Commutated Converters (LCCS) 161Chapter 8 Distribution System, Loads, and Power Quality 1738.1 Introduction 1738.2 Distribution Systems 1738.3 Power System Loads 1748.4 Power Quality Considerations 1808.5 Load Management 191References 192Problems 192Chapter 9 Synchronous Generators 1959.1 Introduction 1959.2 Structure 1969.3 Induced EMF in the Stator Windings 2009.4 Power Output, Stability, and The Loss of Synchronism 2049.5 Field Excitation Control to Adjust Reactive Power 2069.6 Field Exciters for Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) 2089.7 Synchronous, Transient, and Subtransient Reactances 2089.8 Generator Modeling in PSS(r)E 211References 213Problems 213Chapter 10 Voltage Regulation and Stability in Power Systems 21510.1 Introduction 21510.2 Radial System as an Example 21510.3 Voltage Collapse 21810.4 Preventing Voltage Instability 220References 227Problems 228Chapter 11 Transient and Dynamic Stability Of Power Systems 22911.1 Introduction 22911.2 Principle of Transient Stability 22911.3 Transient Stability Evaluation in Large Systems 23811.4 Dynamic Stability 239References 240Problems 241Appendix 11A Inertia, Torque, and Acceleration in Rotating Systems 241Chapter 12 Control of Interconnected Power Systems and Economic Dispatch 24512.1 Control Objectives 24512.2 Voltage Control by Controlling Excitation and Reactive Power 24612.3 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) 24712.4 Economic Dispatch and Optimum Power Flow 257References 262Problems 262Chapter 13 Transmission Line Faults, Relaying, And Circuit Breakers 26513.1 Causes of Transmission Line Faults 26513.2 Symmetrical Components for Fault Analysis 26613.3 Types of Faults 26913.4 System Impedances for Fault Calculations 27313.5 Calculating Fault Currents in Large Networks 27613.6 Protection Against Short-Circuit Faults 277References 286Problems 287Chapter 14 Transient Overvoltages, Surge Protection, and Insulation Coordination 28914.1 Introduction 28914.2 Causes of Overvoltages 28914.3 Transmission-Line Characteristics and Representation 29214.4 Insulation to Withstand Overvoltages 29414.5 Surge Arresters and Insulation Coordination 296References 296Problems 297Index 299

O autorze

Ned Mohan, PhD, joined the University of Minnesota in 1975, where he is currently a Regents Professor and Oscar A. Schott Professor of Power Electronic Systems. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.Swaroop Guggilam, PhD, is an Engineer Scientist III, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. His research areas include frequency control, transmission operations and planning, voltage control and stability, and optimization of distributed energy resources. In addition, the following three contributors bring the industry relevance to this textbook: Bruce F. Wollenberg, Prof. Emeritus at the University of Minnesota, Douglas Brown at Siemens, Inc., and Pratap Mysore with years of experience in relaying and protection at Xcel Energy.