Electric Machines

ISBN-13: 9780849385810 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 466 str.

Charles A. Gross

Opis

The two major broad applications of electrical energy are information processing and energy processing. Hence, it is no wonder that electric machines have occupied a large and revered space in the field of electrical engineering. Such an important topic requires a careful approach, and Charles A. Gross' Electric Machines offers the most balanced, application-oriented, and modern perspective on electromagnetic machines available.

Written in a style that is both accessible and authoritative, this book explores all aspects of electromagnetic-mechanical (EM) machines. Rather than viewing the EM machine in isolation, the author treats the machine as part of an integrated system of source, controller, motor, and load. The discussion progresses systematically through basic machine physics and principles of operation to real-world applications and relevant control issues for each type of machine presented. Coverage ranges from DC, induction, and synchronous machines to specialized machines such as transformers, translational machines, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Stimulating example applications include electric vehicles, wind energy, and vertical transportation. Numerous example problems illustrate and reinforce the concepts discussed.

Along with appendices filled with unit conversions and background material, Electric Machines is a succinct, in-depth, and complete guide to understanding electric machines for novel applications.

Spis treści

BASIC ELECTROMAGNETIC CONCEPTS
Basic Magnetic Concepts
Magnetically Linear Systems: Magnetic Circuits
Voltage, Current, and Magnetic Field Interactions
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Nonlinear Magnetic Circuit Analysis
Permanent Magnets
Superconducting Magnets
The Fundamental Translational EM Machine
The Fundamental Rotational EM Machine
Multiwinding EM Systems
Leakage Flux
The Concept of Ratings in EM Systems
Summary
Problems
TRANSFORMERS
The Ideal n-Winding Transformer
Transformer Ratings and Per-Unit Scaling
The Nonideal Three-Winding Transformer
The Nonideal Two-Winding Transformer
Transformer Efficiency and Voltage Regulation
Practical Considerations
The Autotransformer
Operation of Transformers in Three-Phase Environments
Sequence Circuit Models for Three-Phase Transformer Analysis
Harmonics in Transformers
Summary
Problems
BASIC MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Some General Perspectives
Efficiency
Load Torque-Speed Characteristics
Mass Polar Moment of Inertia
Gearing
Operating Modes
Translational Systems
A Comprehensive Example: The Elevator
Prime Movers
Summary
Problems
THE POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINE: BALANCED OPERATION
Machine Construction
Stator Winding Layout
The Rotating Magnetic Field
Stator-Rotor Interactions
Performance Analysis using the Equivalent Circuit
Equivalent Circuit Constants from Tests
Operating Modes: Motor, Generator, and Braking
Dynamic Performance
Cage Rotor Machines
Thermal Considerations
Summary
Problems
CONTROL OF AC MOTORS
Control of the Load Torque-Speed Characteristic
Control of the Motor Torque-speed Characteristic
Controlling Voltage and Frequency
Power Semiconductor Switching Components
The Single-Phase Inverter
The Three-Phase Inverter
AC to DC Conversion: Rectifiers
Three-Phase Rectifiers
Controlled Rectifiers
AC Motor Drives
AC Motor Drives: Dynamic Performance
Four-Quadrant Performance
The Cycloconverter
Summary
Problems
THE POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINE: UNBALANCED OPERATION
Unbalanced Operation
Single Phasing
Operation on Nonsinusoidal Voltage
The Two-Phase Induction Motor
The Single-Phase Induction Motor
The Single-Phase Induction Motor Operating on One Winding
Equivalent Circuit Constants from Tests
Dynamic Performance
Summary
Problems
THE POLYPHASE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE: BALANCED OPERATION
Machine Construction
Evolution of the Machine Model from the Induction Machine
Interaction of the Rotor and Stator Circuits: The Magnetization Characteristic
The Nonsalient Pole Synchronous Machine: Generator Operation
The Nonsalient Pole Synchronous Machine: Motor Operation
The Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
Synchronous Machine Constants from Tests
The Synchronous Generator Operating in a Utility Environment
Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machines
The Polyphase Synchronous-Reluctance Machine
The Brushless DC Motor
Summary
Problems
THE POLYPHASE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE: THE GENERAL COUPLED CIRCUIT MODEL
The General Coupled Circuit Model of the Synchronous Machine
The 0dq Transformation
Powers and Torques in the 0dqFDQ Model
The 0dqFDQ Model Using Generator Sign Conventions
Balanced Three-Phase Constant Speed Generator Performance
Per-Unit Scaling as applied to Synchronous Machines
The Tee Equivalent Circuits
0dqFDQU Constants Derived from Manufacturer's Data
0dqFDQU Model Performance
Summary
Problems
THE DC MACHINE
Machine Construction
Generation of DC Voltage
The DC Machine Model: Generator Operation
The DC Machine Model: Motor Operation
Speed Control of DC Motors
DC Machine Constants from Tests
DC Motor Drives: Half-Wave Converters
DC Motor Drives: Full-Wave Converters
Four-Quadrant Performance
DC Motor Dynamic Performance
An Elevator Application
A More General DC Machine Model
Summary
Problems
TRANSLATIONAL ELECTROMECHANICAL MACHINES
Linear Induction Machine Construction
Linear Induction Machine Modeling: The Equivalent Circuit
The High-Speed Rail Application
Linear Synchronous Machine Construction
Linear Synchronous Machine Nonsalient Pole Model
Linear Electromechanical Machine Applications in Elevators
Summary
Problems
SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINES AND SENSORS
The Universal Motor
The Shaded Pole Motor
The Hysteresis Motor
The Stepper Motor
Encoders
Resolvers
Microelectromechanical Systems
Summary
Problems
EPILOGUE
REFERENCES IN ELECTRIC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS
APPENDIX A: UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
APPENDIX B: A REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONCEPTS
DC Circuit Concepts
AC Circuit Concepts
Balanced Three-Phase AC Circuit Concepts
Symmetrical Components
APPENDIX C: HARMONIC CONCEPTS
Basic Concepts
Coefficient Calculations
Rms (Effective) Values
Symmetries
Spectral Plots
Response of Linear Circuits to Nonsinusoidal Excitation
INDEX

O autorze

Charles A. Gross