Earthquakes and Water

ISBN-13: 9783642008092 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 225 str.

Chi-Yuen Wang; Michael Manga

Opis

Distantearthquakesarewellknowntoinduceawiderangeofresponsesinsurface water and groundwater. These responses are often viewed as mere curiositiesas theiroccurrenceislimitedinspaceandtime.Thefrequentemphasisonearthquake precursorsinstudiesofthesephenomenaalsotendstopushthestudyof earthquake hydrology away from the mainstream of geoscience. The observed phenomena, however, probetheinteractionbetweenhydrogeologicalprocessesandmechanical deformationintheshallowcrust.Hencetheyprovideinsightintotheinteraction among water cycle, tectonics, and properties of the crust. As such, the study of earthquakehydrologyalsohasthepotentialtoprovideamorequantitativeand- depthunderstandingofthenatureofearthquakeprecursorsandevaluatewhether theyareinfactprecursors. The title of this book re ects the nature of the connections we address: we focus on how earthquakes affect hydrology. Water also in uences earthquakes as it affects the strength of faults and the rheology of rocks. Our emphasis here, however, is not on the hydrology of earthquakes, but on understanding the hydrological phenomena induced or modi ed by earthquakes. The boundary betweenthe hydrologyofearthquakes andthe earthquake-inducedhydrological phenomena, however, can sometimes be blurred. For example, triggered ear- quakes are sometimes explained by a re-distribution of pore pressure following the triggering earthquake. Hence, triggered seismicity may be an example of an earthquake-induced hydrological phenomenon. Thestudyofthelatter, therefore, canbeimportanttowardsabetterunderstandingofthemechanicsofatleastsome earthquakes. Therearemanystudents, postdocsandcolleagueswewishtothankforcolla- ratingonresearchprojectsrelatedtothetopicsreviewedinthisbook, orparticip- inginstimulatingdiscussionsintheclasswetaughtcalled Earthquakehydrology . In particular, we wish to thank Emily Brodsky, Yeeping Chia, Douglas Dreger, Shemin Ge, Fu-qiong Huang, Tom Holzer, Chris Huber, Joel Rowland, Martin Saar, Yaolin Shi, Chung-Ho Wang, Kelin Wang, Pei-ling Wang and Alex Wong forenlighteningexchanges.HunterPhilsonhelpedwith guresandtheindex.We v vi Preface alsothanktheNationalScienceFoundation, theMillerInstituteforBasicResearch inScience, andNASAforsupportingtheresearchandsynthesisinthisvolume."

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This book ... covers the past and current trends in the research on hydrological changes during and after earthquakes. ... The book is concisely written and yet very informative. ... its inimitable contents will be a useful resource for the researchers working on earthquake-induced hydrologic changes (and water-induced seismicity) and also function as a superb textbook for the students who would like to know some history and the present status in this area of seismology." (Koji Uenishi, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 169, 2012)

Spis treści

Liquefaction.- Mud Volcanoes.- Increased Stream Discharge.- Groundwater Level Change.- Temperature and Composition Changes.- Geysers.- Earthquakes Influenced by Water.- Hydrologic Precursors.- Epilogue.

Blurb

The broad spectrum of hydrologic responses to earthquakes offers a better understanding of the earth's hydrologic system at a scale which is otherwise unachievable; it has also allowed field testing of several long-standing hypotheses which may impact on our understanding of some earthquake-induced hazards. The book is based on a graduate course on Earthquake Hydrology at Berkeley jointly offered by the authors in the past few years. It begins with an introduction of the basic materials to form a basis for understanding the chapters which follow. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the field to interested readers and beginning researchers, and a convenient reference to numerous publications currently scattered in various journals.