Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources

ISBN-13: 9783642768866 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 555 str.

Manfred Schidlowski; Stjepko Golubic; Michael M. Kimberley

Opis

This volume is the final outcome of a conference designed to wrap up IOCP Project 157 (" Early Organic Evolution and Mineral and Energy Resources ") after a decade of prolific activity. The picturesque solitude of Maria Laach Abbey in the Eifel Mountains (FRO) provided the appropriate setting for a conclave of some 80 specialists from the various walks of the field who, during the week of Sept. 19 - 23, 1988, strived hard to define the state of the art in the principal segments of this Earth Science frontier. The following pages contain the essence of the conference transactions, giv ing a vivid cross-section of the activities pursued by IOCP Project 157 during its final years. The coverage of topics is not necessarily complete, but rather eclec tic in part. With regard to single papers dealing with modern analogues of ancient processes, the book title might even be considered a grave misnomer. Neverthe less, all contributions relate to the subject in the widest sense, and the reader should be reminded that much of the heterogeneity reflected by the volume de rives from the fact that it is primarily a research report from a highly inter disciplinary field rather than a textbook."

Spis treści

Early Organic Evolution and Mineral and Energy Resources: A Farewell Address to IGCP Project 157.- 1. Precambrian Weathering and Paleosols.- to Precambrian Weathering and Paleosols.- How to Find a Precambrian Paleosol.- Experimental Procedures to Simulate Weathering Under Atmospheres. Which May Have Characterized the Early Archean.- The Lower Proterozoic Hokkalampi Paleosol in North Karelia, Eastern Finland.- Paleosol and Ore-Forming Processes in the Elliot Lake District of Canada.- Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pre-1.65 Ga Paleosol Under Kombolgie Formation Sandstone of the Pine Creek Geosyncline, Northern Territory, Australia.- Carbonaceous High-Alumina Shale in the Transvaal Supergroup: Evidence of Early Proterozoic Karstic Weathering in a Marine Environment.- Significance of Precambrian Paleosols.- 2. Organic Matter in Precambrian and Early Paleozoic Sediments.- Mantle Carbon: Concentration, Mode of Occurrence, and Isotopic Composition.- Carbon Cycle and Carbon Isotope Record: Geochemical Impact of Life over 3.8 Ga of Earth History.- Precambrian Petroleum: A Decade of Changing Perceptions.- Paleontology and Biogeochemical Research: A Powerful Synergy.- Proterozoic Organic Carbon -Its Preservation and Isotopic Record.- An Assessment of the Precambrian/Cambrian Transition Events on the Basis of Carbon Isotope Records.- Stratiform and Globular Organic Matter in the Lower Proterozoic Metasediments at Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada.- Organic Carbon Isotopic Composition of Proterozoic Sedimentary Rocks from India: Preliminary Results.- Organic Free Radicals in Precambrian and Paleozoic Rocks: Origin and Significance.- On the Atypical Petroleum-Generating Characteristics of Alginite in the Cambrian Alum Shale.- Distribution and Structure of Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Sulfur Compounds Released from Four Kerogens of Ordovician Age by Means of Flash Pyrolysis.- Thermal Maturity of Early Paleozoic Sediments as Determined by the Optical Properties of Marine-Derived Organic Matter -A Review.- Hydrocarbon Composition of the Late Proterozoic Oils of the Siberian Platform: Implications for the Depositional Environment of Source Rocks.- Biomarkers and Other Hydrocarbons in Upper Sinian Stromatolitic Dolostones from Southwest China.- Natural Gas in Sinian Reservoirs of the Weiyuan Area, Sichuan Province: The Oldest Gas in China.- Biological Markers in Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks and Crude Oils from the Michigan Basin: Reassessment of Sources and Thermal History of Organic Matter.- The Influence of Gloeocapsomorpha prisca on the Organic Geochemistry of Oils and Organic-Rich Rocks of Late Ordovician Age from Canada.- 3. Antiquity and Metallogenic Potential of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction.- Sulfur in the Earth’s Mantle -A Review.- Bacterial Sulfate Reduction: Current Status and Possible Origin.- Biogeochemistry of Sulfur and the Mechanisms of Sulfide-Sulfate Mineralization in Archean Oceans.- Biological and Abiological Sulfate Reduction in Two Northern Australian Proterozoic Basins.- Global Oxidation and a Supercontinent in the Proterozoic: Evidence from Stable Isotopic Trends.- Depositional and Diagenetic C — S — Fe Signatures and the Potential of Shales to Generate Metal-Rich Fluids.- Genetic Relationship Between Elementary, Organic, and Pyritic Sulfur in Sediments.- 4. Fossil Microbial Ecosystems of the “Stromatolitic” Type and Their Modern Analogs.- The History and Significance of Stromatolites.- Proterozoic and Living Cyanobacteria.- Lower Precambrian Stromatolite Associations of Karelia.- Tussocky Microstructure, a Biological Event in Upper Proterozoic Stromatolites: Comparisons with Modern Freshwater Stromatolite Builders.- On the Association of Ore Deposits with Stromatolites.- Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 1. Microbenthos Composition and Biomass Accumulation.- Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 2. Isotopic Biogeochemistry.- Palynostratigraphy in Phanerozoic and Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks.- 5. General Topics.- Mineral Deposits and Metallogeny: Indicators of Earth’s Evolution.- Chemical Evolution of Sedimentary and Magmatic Rocks in the Earth’s Crust.