Drug-Inactivating Enzymes and Antibiotic Resistance: 2nd International Symposium on Antibiotic Resistance Castle of Smolenice, Czechoslovakia 1974

ISBN-13: 9783642660641 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 495 str.

S. Mitsuhashi; L. Rosival; V. Krcmery

Opis

It was an extraordinary pleasure for me, as the secretary general, to organise, with my collaborators, this Second International Symposium on Antibiotic Resistance in the Castle of Smolenice in Czechoslovakia. We all appreciated many offers all participants must have spent to attend this Symposium and we were glad to do our best to prepare this meeting in a suitable and convenient way. We gathered in Smolenice Castle after the significant International Congress on Che motherapy in September 1973 in Athens. We had the chance of getting acquainted, on that world-wide forum, with the latest information about bacterial resistance to anti biotics. It was possible at that Congress to outline main topics of interest in the field of bacterial resistance to antibiotics which then have been placed on the programme of the subsequent Smolenice Symposium. Undoubtedly, enzymatic mechanisms by which bacteria can inactivate older and newer antibacterial drugs and which can be transmitted and spread among bacterial strains, have both medical as well as theoretical priority. Dealing specially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly urgent at present from the clinical, hygienical and genetical point of view. We have realised that antibiotics have ceased to be "magic bullets" which hit the microorganisms without discrimination. Today we urgently consider the question what should be done in the area of "antibiotic policy" to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for the future."

Spis treści

Introductory Lectures.- Contribution of Bacterial Genetics to Chemotherapy.- Gene Exchange Between Unrelated Plasmids.- Nation-wide Survey of Antibiotic Resistance by means of a computer-Analysis of 200 000 strains isolated in 1973.- I. Beta-lactam Antibiotics and Beta-Lactamases.- TEM-like penicillinases in contemporary plasmids of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. (Opening Lecture).- R factors and intrinsic resistance to penicillins. (Opening Lecture).- Mutation of R factors specifying hypersynthesis of beta-lactamase.- Identification of beta-lactamases of Ps. aeruginosa by computerised microacidimetry.- Oscillopolarographic detection of beta-lactamase activity.- Temperature-sensitive induction for cephalosporinase synthesis in Escherichia freundii.- Antibiotic resistance and betalactamases of E. coli between 1948 and 1968.- A clinical isolate of E. coli possessing two betalactamases and an unusual resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.- Purification and properties of an unusual cephalosporinase specified by an R plasmid in E. coli.- Comparison of the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics and their resistance to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.- II. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Enzymes Involved in their Inactivation.- History and development of biochemical mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and their active derivatives. (Opening Lecture).- Proposal for a Rational Nomenclature for Phenotype, Genotype and Aminoglycoside-Aminocyclitol Modifying Enzymes.- Some aspects of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria (Opening Lecture).- BB-K8 (Amikacin), a new semisynthetic Kanamycin derivative.- Microbiological Aspects of Aminoglycoside Resistance.- Comparative studies of antibacterial activity of various aminoglycoside antibiotics.- Resistance of Moraxella to Tobramycin, Kanamycin and BB-K8.- Mechanism of increased rate of appearance of highly streptomycin-resistant and chloramphenicol-resistant variants in E. coli R+.- R factor to aminoglycoside antibiotics.- Demonstration of a new type of an R plasmid in E. coli.- III. Resistance to Other Drugs.- Altered methylation of Ribosomal RNA in Erythromycin-resistant S. aureus. (Opening Lecture).- Some properties of phenotype in Tetracycline resistance. (Opening Lecture).- The relation of a Tetracycline-induced R factor membrane protein to tetracycline resistance.- Tetracycline resistance unassociated with a change of cell wall permeability in E. coli.- Uptake of Oxytetracycline and Minocycline by E. coli cells and their effect on Protein Synthesis.- Mode of Action of Curing Compounds.- Effects of some biologically active compounds on the antibiotics resistance in microorganisms.- Plasmid-mediated tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in group D streptococcus (abstract).- Erythromycin and resistance transfer factors in the intestinal tract.- Rifampicin sensitivity of clinical staphylococcal strains and development of resistance during rifampicin therapy.- IV. Antibiotic Resistance in Ps. aeruginosa.- Genetic Basis of Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Opening Lecture).- R plasmids determining gentamicin or tobramycin resistance in Ps. aeruginosa.- Gentamicin resistance in Ps. aeruginosa: II. Non-transferable gentamicin resistance.- Broad host range drug resistance plasmid associated cell wall alterations and their relationship to phage sensitivity.- Epidemiological tracing of Ps. aeruginosa by pyocin typing.- Transmissible high-level resistance to gentamicin in Ps. aeruginosa.- Demonstration of R plasmids from Ps. aeruginosa isolated in Frankfurt.- V. Ecology, Epidemiology and Nosocomial Problems of Antibiotic Resistance.- Epidemiology of Drug Resistance in Hospitals (Opening Lecture).- Studies on the drug resistance of S. aureus and E. coli.- Formation of F’tet plasmids and fertility inhibition in F+ Proteus mirabilis strains.- Characterisation on the basis of phage restriction of R plasmids from E. coli strains.- Studies on R plasmids derived from Sh. flexneri strains.- Properties of R factors from Bordetella bronchiseptica.- Some problems of transmissible resistance in practice.- Epidemiological and clinical problems of drug resistance.- In vivo effect of Macarbomycin on E. coli strains carrying R. factor.- Colicinogeny and spread of R. factor-carrying conforms.- New micromethod suitable for R plasmid screening.- One year surveillance of R plasmids in clinical specimens.- Changing pattern of antibiotic resistance in Shigella sonnei strains isolated during outbreaks of dysentery.- R plasmids in healthy children studied in nurseries, kindergarden and other closed and open communities.- Influence of colicinogenic strain, given perorally, on the occurrence of various plasmids of E. coli in piglets fed with flavomycin.- Occurrence of various categories of plasmids in haemolytic E. coli strains isolated from free-living animals.- A preliminary report on colistin — polymyxin resistance with suspected plasmids determination which developed in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae under colistin therapy.- Antimicrobial resistance and R-factors in Salmonella isolated from humans and animals.