Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids: Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality

ISBN-13: 9781475720457 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 452 str.

Corraldo Galli

Opis

On June 24-26, 1985, a major International Conference on the Hea1th Effects of P01yunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods was held in Washington, D. C. The conference had two objectives: (1) to review the research data on the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods in terms of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid formation, thrombosis and inflammation, and the role of docosahexaenoic acid in membrane function and metabolism, and (2) to develop a research agenda to determine the spectrum of the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids of seafood origin in the American diet. The 1985 conference established the fact that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin - eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - play important roles in prostaglandin metabolism, thrombosis and atherosc1erosis, immunology and inflammation, and membrane function. In response to the conference recommendations, the Congress of the United States provided special funding for the establishment of a "test materials 1aboratory" within the US Department of Commerce to produce under documented quality contr01 the types and quanti ties of omega-3 te 3t materials required by biomedica1 researchers. The forms of test materials to be produced include refined fish oil, polyunsaturated fatty acid enhanced triglycerides, concentrates of esters of fatty acids, purified omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-3 mono-, di- and tri lyceride mixtures.

Spis treści

Early studies on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.- The food chain for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids with special reference to animal products.- Some aspects of omega-3 fatty acids from different foods.- Linoleic and linolenic acids intake.- Omega-3 fatty acids from vegetable oils.- Preparation of fish oil for dietary applications.- (N-3) and (N-6) fatty acid metabolism.- The effect of dietary fish oil supplementation and in vitro collagen stimulation on human platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition.- In vitro studies on docosahexaenoic acid in human platelets.- Alpha-linolenic acid and the metabolism of arachidonic acid.- Comparative uptake in rats and man of w3 and w6 fatty acids.- Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to neural development in humans.- Sources of w3 fatty acids in artict diets and their effects on red cell and breast milk fatty acids in Canadian Inuit.- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant nutrition.- Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 serie and nervous system development.- Omega-3 fatty acids in the retina.- Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in endothelial cells: relationship to eicosanoid formation.- Modification of arachidonic acid cascade by long-chain w-3 fatty acids.- N-6 and N-3 fatty acids in plasma and platelet lipids, and generation of inositol phosphates by stimulated platelets after dietary manipulations in the rabbit.- Dietary linolenic acid and tissue function in rodents.- The supply of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to photoreceptors and synapses.- Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in serum lipids and their relationship to human disease.- Omega-3 fatty acids and lipoproteins.- Alpha-linolenic acid, platelet lipids and function.- Fish (oil) consumption and coronary heart disease.- Dietary polyunsaturates, vascular function and prostaglandins.- Polyunsaturated oils of marine and plant origins and their uses in clinical medicine.- Biochemical and bioclinical aspects of blackcurrant seed oil. w3–w6 balanced oil.- Quantitative determination of prostanoids by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.- Linoleic acid and epidermal water barrier.- Different doses of fish-oil fatty acid ingestion in active rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study of clinical and immunological parameters.- Dietary w-3 and w-6 fatty acids in cancer.- Marine mammals: animal models for studying the digestion and transport of dietary fats enriched in w-3 fatty acids. Positional analyses of milk fat triacylglycerol molecules.- Changes in the polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles in Zellweger syndrome suggesting a new enzymatic defect: delta-4 desaturase deficiency.- Selective incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid in position 2 of plasma triglycerides after a dietary supply of 2 eicosapentaenoyl glyceride in man.- The effect of a fish oil preparation (EPAGIS) on serum lipids, apoproteins, circulating platelet aggregates and hemorheologic parameters in hyperlipidemic subjects.- Differential mobilization of essential fatty acids into the serum free fatty acid pool in response to glucose ingestion.- Flax as a source of alpha-linoleic acid.- Executive Summary.- General Recommendations on Dietary Fats for Human Consumption.- A double-blind controlled trial of oils containing long-chain-w3-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.- Contributors.