Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes in Fractured Rock Masses: Discrete Element Modeling and Engineering Applications

ISBN-13: 9783031257865 / Angielski

Fengshou Zhang; Branko Damjanac; Jason Furtney

Opis

The subject of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock masses has close relevance to energy-related deep earth engineering activities, such as enhanced geothermal systems, geological disposal of radioactive waste, sequestration of CO2, long-term disposal of waste water and recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. Despite great efforts by engineers and researchers, comprehensive understanding of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock mass remains a great challenge. The discrete element method (DEM), originally developed by Dr. Peter Cundall, has become widely used for the modeling of a rock mass, including its deformation, damage, fracturing and stability. DEM modeling of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock masses can provide some unique insights, to say the least, for better understanding of those complex issues.The authors of this book have participated in various projects involving DEM modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes during treatment of a rock mass by fluid injection and/or extraction and have provided consulting services to some of the largest oil-and-gas companies in the world. The breadth and depth of our engineering expertise are reflected by its successful applications in the major unconventional plays in the world, including Permian, Marcellus, Bakken, Eagle Ford, Horn River, Chicontepec, Sichuan, Ordos and many more. The unique combination of the state-of-the-art numerical modeling techniques with state-of-the-practice engineering applications makes the presented material relevant and valuable for engineering practice. We believe that it is beneficial to share the advances on this subject and promote some further development.

Spis treści

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Problem definition

1.2 Examples of hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock masses

1.3 Recent development of numerical modeling techniques

1.4 Objectives and structure of this book

Chapter 2 DEM modeling of rock masses

2.1 General principles of DEM

2.2 Overview of block, contact and joint models for DEM modeling of rock

2.3 Approximation of geomechanical properties in DEM

2.4 Solving problems in rock mechanics using DEM

 

Chapter 3 Modeling of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock masses

3.1 Characterization of fractured rock mass

3.2 Modes of hydro-mechanical coupling

3.3 Overview of current fluid schemes coupled with DEM

3.4 Numerical simulation of hydro-mechanical problems

Chapter 4 DEM coupled with pore network model (PNM)

4.1 Formulation of DEM/PNM coupling

4.2 A continuum-discrete hybrid model of hydraulic fracture interaction with natural fractures

4.3 DEM investigation of low viscosity non-aqueous fracturing

4.4 A dynamic pore network model and application to fluid injection into unconsolidated rocks

4.5 A grain-based model and application to hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rocks

Chapter 5 DEM coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

5.1 Formulation of DEM/CFD coupling

5.2 DEM/CFD modeling of fracture closure on proppant

5.3 DEM/CFD modeling of wellbore expansion under fluid injection

5.4 DEM/CFD modeling of sand production

Chapter 6 DEM coupled with dynamic fluid mesh (DFM)

6.1 Formulation of DEM/DFM coupling

6.2 Modeling of coupled near-wellbore fluid flow and particle migration

6.3 Modeling of suffusion in gap-graded soils

Chapter 7 DEM coupled with lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM)

7.1 Formulation of DEM/LBM coupling

7.2 Modeling of particle-fluid interaction

7.3 Modeling of multi-phase fluid in porous rocks

Chapter 8 Approximate methods of fluid flow coupling in DEM

8.1 Concepts of approximate fluid flow coupling in DEM

8.2 Formation of slot-shaped breakout and compaction band in high-porosity sandstone

8.3 Modeling of surface erosion and sediment transport

8.4 Modeling of mechanical stability of propped hydraulic fractures under pressure drawdown

Chapter 9 Conclusions and future work

9.1 General conclusions

9.2 Future work

O autorze

Fengshou Zhang is a distinguished professor in the Department of Geotechnical Engineering at Tongji University, Shanghai, China. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2012. After that, he worked at Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., for a few years as a geomechanics engineer providing consulting services to the oil and gas industries, before he joined Tongji University in 2016. His research direction is multi-field coupling of rock mechanics and its application in deep earth engineering such as shale gas, dry hot rock and carbon sequestration. He has more than 150 published papers and won the Future Leaders Award (2015) and the Early Career Award (2018) of American Society of Rock Mechanics (ARMA), the first Qian Qihu Award (2020) of Chinese Society of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (CSRME) and the 17th China Youth Science and Technology Award (2022).

Branko Damjanac is a senior principal engineer at Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. He obtained his Ph.D. in rock mechanics from the University of Minnesota in 1996. He has experience in the design and analysis of underground excavations for oil storage and waste isolation. He has been involved in stability analyses of underground and open-pit mines in both hard and soft rocks. He has developed a 3D numerical model to simulate the coupled hydro-mechanical response of a fluid-saturated rock mass. Dr. Damjanac was involved in a number of projects in the petroleum, geothermal and mining industries with the objective of design and operation optimization of rock mass treatment by fluid injection.

Jason Furtney is the chief technical officer of Itasca. He has a bachelor's degree in Geology from the University of Edinburgh and a Ph.D. in applied fluid mechanics from the University of Cambridge. He joined Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., in 2006 and has worked on areas including numerical modeling of mechanical behavior, fluid flow and heat transfer in earth materials. He specializes in novel solutions to complex engineering problems including mathematical and numerical modeling and machine learning. His project work includes rock blasting, solution mining, nuclear waste isolation, mining geomechanics and enhanced geothermal systems.