Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology: Fundamentals

ISBN-13: 9780306438158 / Angielski / Twarda / 1991 / 360 str.

Thomas O. Baldwin; Frank M. Raushel; A. Ian Scott

Opis

The Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program has sponsored seven previous international symposia covering a wide variety of topics of interest to industrial and academic chemists. The eighth IUCCP symposium, held March 19-22, 1990, at Texas A&M University, represents a deviation from the former symposia, in that it is the first of a two-symposium series dedicated to the rapidly moving new field of industrial biochemistry that has beco e known as biotechnology. Biotechnology is really not a new discipline, but rather is a term coined to describe the new and exciting commercial applications of biochemistry. The development of the field of biotechnology is a direct result of recombinant DNA technology, which began in earnest about 15 years ago. Today, we can routinely do experiments that were inconceivable in the early 1970's. Only comparatively simple technology available even in small laboratories is required to synthesize a gene and from it, to produce vast amounts of biological materials of enormous commercial value. These technical developments and others have stimulated increased activities in the field of enzyme biotechnology, using enzymes to catalyze "unnatural" reactions to produce complex molecules with stereochemical precision. It is true today, we can readily produce DNA fragments that will encode any amino acid sequence that we might desire, but at this point, our foundation of basic knowledge falls short. The dream of "designer enzymes" is still a fantasy, but the current wave of research activity and exciting new developments suggest that in the future the dream may become a reality.

Spis treści

Enzyme Mechanisms.- Effect of Metal Ions and Adenylylation State on the Energetics of the E. Coli Glutamine Synthetase Reaction.- Structure-Function Relationships in Mandelate Racemase and Muconate Lactonizing Enzyme.- An Enzyme-Targeted Herbicide-Design Program Based on EPSP Synthase: Chemical Mechanism and Glyphosate Inhibition Studies.- Mechanism of Enzymatic Phosphotriesters Hydrolysis.- Protein Folding.- Proline Isomerization and Protein Folding.- Increasing Enzyme Stability.- A Study of Subunit Folding and Dimer Assembly In Vivo.- Characterization of a Transient intermediate in the Folding of Dihydrofolate Reductase.- Design and Redesign of Enzymes and Proteins.- From Biological Diversity to Structure-Function Analysis: Protein Engineering in Asparate Transcarbamoylase.- Catalytic Antibodies: Perspective and Prospects.- New Drugs Based on Enzyme Mechanisms.- Potent and Selective Oxytocin Antagonists Obtained by Chemical Modification of a Streptomyces Silvensis Derived Cyclic Hexapeptide and by Total Synthesis.- Design of Peptide Ligands That Interact With Specific Membrane Receptors.- Organic Synthesis with Enzymes.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Biologically and Pharmacologically Important Chemical with Microbial Enzymes.- Design and Development of Enzymatic Organic Synthesis.- Enzymes as Catalysts in Carbohydrate Synthesis.- Exploiting Enzymes Selectivity for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds.- Vitamin B12.- Perspectives on the Discovery of Vitamin B12.- Steric Course and Mechanism of Coenzyme B12-Dependent Rearrangements.- On the Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B12: A Non-Free Radical Model for the Methylmalonyl-CoA — Succinyl-CoA Rearrangement.- Vitamin B12: The Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Ring: Mechanism and Molecular Biology.- Biosythesis of Vitamin B12: Biosynthetic and Synthetic Researches.- On the Methylation Process and Cobalt Insertion in Cobyrinic Acid Biosynthesis.- Biochemical and Genetic Studies on Vitamin B12 Synthesis in Pseudomonas denitrificans.- Genetic Approaches to the Synthesis and Physiological Significance of B12 in Salmonella typhimurium.- Mechanistic and Evolutionary Aspects of Vitamin B12 Biosynthesis.- Poster Titles.