Cancer Diagnostics: Current and Future Trends

ISBN-13: 9781588291677 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 508 str.

Wayne W. Grody; James T. Wu; Robert M. Nakamura

Opis

In the past, many tumor marker laboratory tests have not been sensitive enough for the very early detection of cancer. However, many of them have nonetheless proved useful in monitoring therapy, following the course of the tumor, and predicting prog nosis. Today, cancer may be viewed as a genetic disease with various specific chromo somal and nucleotide aberrations, such as mutations, deletions, gene amplification, gene rearrangements, and translocations occurring during the transformation of a nor mal cell into a malignant cell. The considerable advances in technology during the past several years have greatly enhanced our ability to detect human cancers in the very early stages of tumor forma tion. These technologies include: (1) nucleotide molecular assays (genomics); (2) proteomics (multiplex protein measurements); (3) DNA microarrays; and (4) bio informatics. Many of these technologies are already helping in the integration and use of multiple biomarkers for tumors. Although the individual biomarkers may reveal only limited information, the use of multiple biomarkers can help markedly elevate the diagnostic capabilities for early detection of tumors.

Spis treści

Part I: Introduction General Considerations in the Use and Application of Laboratory Tests for the Evaluation of Cancer Robert M. Nakamura and Wayne W. Grody New Insights and Future Advances in Cancer Diagnostics: Limitations of Conventional Tumor Markers Yasushi Kasahara and Yutaka Tsukada The Changing Role of the Pathologist in the Management of the Cancer Patient Raymond B. Nagle Part II: Serological Tumor Markers Types of Circulating Tumor Markers and Their Clinical Applications James T. Wu Identification of Risk Factors for Early Neoplasm James T. Wu Emerging Circulating Tumor Markers James T. Wu Prostate Cancer Markers: From Discovery to the Clinic Judith A. Finlay, Stephen D. Mikolajczyk, Thomas M. Pribyl, R. Bruce Wallace, and Harry G. Rittenhouse Serum Tumor Marker Test Profile in Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors Frank J. Liu, Robert M. Nakamura, C. Howard Tseng, and Kevin S. Liu Autoantibodies, Autoimmunity, and Cancers: Markers for Identification of Early Stages of Tumors Robert M. Nakamura and Eng M. Tan Part III: Cellular Tumor Markers. MHC Tetramers: A Tool for Direct Ex Vivo Detection and Enumeration of Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Jennie C. C. Chang, Ferdynand Kos, Charles T. Nugent, and Kristine Kuus-Reichel New Applications of Flow Cytometry in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Sophie Song and Faramarz Naeim Molecular Diagnostics in Neoplastic Hematopathology Daniel A. Arber HER2 and Topoisomerase IIa in Breast Carcinoma Kenneth J. Bloom Study of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in the Staging of Malignant Neoplasms Alice A. Roberts and Alistair J. Cochran A Marker for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: The Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) Jordi Tauler, Alfredo Martínez, and James L.Mulshine Part IV: Molecular and Genetic Tumor Markers Molecular Techniques in Cancer Diagnosis and Management Jeffrey S. Ross, Karen Gray, Rebecca Mosher, and James Stec DNA Repair Defects in Cancer Ramune Reliene and Robert H. Schiestl Chromosomal and Molecular Cytogenetic Assays for Evaluation of Human Tumors Peter C. Hu, Vicki L. Hopwood, and Armand B. Glassman Microsatellite Alterations as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Patients With Cancer Bret Taback and Dave S. B. Hoon Recent Advances in Molecular Classification and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Tsung-Teh Wu and Asif Rashid Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Testing Joyce L. Seldon and Patricia A. Ganz Diagnosis of Ataxia-Telangiectasia: ATM Mutations Associated With Cancer Midori Mitsui, Shareef A. Nahas, Helen H. Chun, and Richard A. Gatti Index

Blurb

Advances in diagnostic technology during the past several years have significantly enhanced our ability to detect human cancers in the very early stages of tumor formation. In Cancer Diagnostics: Current and Future Trends, high-profile laboratory scientists and basic cancer researchers review those recent and emerging clinical laboratory tests that can help in the early detection, evaluation, and prediction of human tumors, and so permit more informed therapeutic decisions. Emphasizing the importance of molecular and genetic RNA/DNA tests that can detect persons at high risk for specific cancers, the authors explore these novel serological assays, cellular assays useful for anatomic pathology, and molecular and genetic assays. Highlights include a profile of genetic tests for the diagnosis of colon, lung, and pancreatic cancers and a discussion of the molecular microsatellite instability that is observed in many cancers and permits the diagnosis of particular cancers.
Informative and state-of-the-art, Cancer Diagnostics: Current and Future Trends thoroughly treats the best current methods for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and points to a future in which early diagnosis and detection of cancer will become a reality.