Cancer Chemotherapy: Basic Science to the Clinic

ISBN-13: 9781118963852 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 320 str.

Rachel Airley

Spis treści

Preface xiAbout the Companion Website xiii1 Cancer Epidemiology 11.1 Cancer Incidence and Mortality 11.2 Childhood Cancer 41.3 Global Epidemiology 51.4 Cancer Survival Rates 81.5 Summary and Conclusions 12Further Reading 122 Cancer Histopathology 132.1 Cancer Morphology, Phenotype, and Nomenclature 142.2 Apoptosis 162.3 Necrosis 222.4 Autophagy and Others 232.5 Summary and Conclusions 24Further Reading 253 Carcinogenesis 273.1 Initiation 273.2 Promotion 293.3 Progression and Environmental Carcinogenesis 303.4 Cell Cycle 313.5 Summary and Conclusions 33Further Reading 334 Molecular Biology of Cancer 354.1 Oncogenes: Disruptors and Instigators 364.2 Cellular Oncogenes 394.3 Viral Oncogenes 414.4 Altered Oncogenic Products 424.5 Biological Carcinogens 444.6 Tumor Suppressor Genes 464.7 Familial Cancers and Cancer Syndromes 504.8 Summary and Conclusions 52Further Reading 525 Cancer Metastasis 535.1 Detachment from the Primary Tumor 545.2 Migration of Cancer Cells from Primary Tumor 555.3 Intravasation of Tumor Cells into Vessels 575.4 Metastatic Transport 605.5 Extravasation 615.6 Growth of the Metastatic Tumor Mass 635.6.1 Cancer Dormancy 635.6.2 Extracellular Matrix of the Tumor Microenvironment 645.6.3 Seed and Soil 655.7 Summary and Conclusions 66Further Reading 676 Health Professionals and Cancer Treatment 696.1 Pathology 696.2 Radiology 706.3 Biopsies 726.4 Surgical Treatment 736.5 Oncology Pharmacy 746.6 Oncology Nursing 756.7 Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare 756.8 Summary and Conclusions 75Further Reading 767 Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy 777.1 Staging, Treatment, and Monitoring 777.2 General Types of Chemotherapy 797.3 Biomarker Uses and Limitations 827.4 Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Personalized Medicine 867.5 Summary and Conclusions 87Further Reading 888 Cytotoxic Compounds 898.1 Alkylating Agents 898.2 Intercalating Agents 948.3 Topoisomerase Blockers 1048.4 Tubulin Disruptors 1098.5 Summary and Conclusions 113Further Reading 1139 Antimetabolites and Hormonal Blockers 1159.1 Nucleic Acid Analogs 1159.2 Folate Analogs 1189.3 Amino Acid Blockers 1209.4 Hormone Modulators 1219.5 Estrogen Antagonists 1249.6 Aromatase Inhibitors 1279.7 Antiandrogens 1279.8 Endocrine Therapy 1289.9 Summary and Conclusions 129Further Reading 13010 Cancer Research 13110.1 Gel Electrophoresis Methods 13110.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction 13210.3 Molecular Cloning 13310.4 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence 13410.5 Mass Spectroscopy and Proteomics 13510.6 Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Metabolomics 13610.7 Microarrays 13710.8 Cell Culture and Exogenous Expression Strategies 13810.9 Protein Expression and Targeting 14110.9.1 Targeting RNA. 14310.9.2 Targeting the Genome 14510.10 Animal Models 14710.11 Delivery Systems 14910.12 Resources 15110.13 Summary and Conclusions 152Further Reading 15311 Clinical Trials 15511.1 Clinical Trial Design 15811.2 Clinical Trials Governance and Quality Assurance 16111.3 Clinical Trial Ethics 16611.4 Clinical Trial Study Schema 16811.5 Measurement of Clinical Endpoints, Response, and Outcomes 16911.6 Local and National Organization of Clinical Trials 16911.7 Summary and Conclusions 173Further Reading 17412 Tumor Hypoxia 17512.1 Effects of Hypoxia on Chemotherapy 17712.2 Energy Reprogramming and the Warburg Effect 17812.3 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 18112.4 Lactate Dehydrogenase and Carbonic Anhydrase 18312.5 Hypoxic Vascularization and Imaging 18512.6 Bioreductive Drugs 18912.7 Summary and Conclusions 192Further Reading 19213 Antiangiogenic and Antivascular Agents 19313.1 History of Antiangiogenic Chemotherapy 19313.2 Endogenous Integrin Blockers 19513.3 Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors 19713.4 Synthetic Integrin Blockers 20213.5 The Return of Thalidomide 20413.6 Vascular Disrupting Agents 20513.7 Antiangiogenic Antibodies 20713.8 Summary and Conclusions 210Further Reading 21014 Protein Kinase and Ras Blockers 21114.1 Signal Transduction 21114.2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Blockers 21414.3 Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Blockers 21614.4 Receptor Serine/Threonine Kinase Blockers 22014.5 Nonreceptor Serine/Threonine and Multiple Kinase Blockers 22314.6 Ras and PLC Blockers 22614.7 Summary and Conclusions 228Further Reading 22815 Modulating Global Gene and Protein Expression 23115.1 Stress Protein Inhibitors 23115.2 Proteasome Inhibitors 23415.3 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors 23715.4 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors 23815.5 DNA Methylation Inhibitors 24115.6 Summary and Conclusions 242Further Reading 24316 Stem Cells - Telomerase, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and Galectins 24516.1 Telomerase Blockers 24616.2 Wnt Blockers 25016.3 Hedgehog Blockers 25216.4 Notch Blockers 25416.5 Galectin Blockers 25716.6 Summary and Conclusions 258Further Reading 25817 Immunotherapy and Oncolytic Viruses 26117.1 Immunization 26417.2 Immune Checkpoint Blockers 26617.3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells 26817.4 Oncolytic Viruses 27017.5 Summary and Conclusions 275Further Reading 27518 Pharmaceutical Problems in Cancer Chemotherapy 27718.1 Manifestation of Toxicity 27718.2 Regimen-Related Toxicity 28218.3 Secondary Malignancies 28318.4 Drug Resistance 28418.4.1 Multiple Drug Resistance 28418.4.2 Enhanced DNA Repair 28618.4.3 Alteration of Drug Targets 28718.5 Pharmaceutical Complications 28718.5.1 Extravasation 28818.5.2 Local and National Extravasation Guidelines 29018.6 Phlebitis and Venous Irritation 29018.7 Health and Safety 29118.8 National Guidance on the Safe Administration of Intrathecal Chemotherapy 291Further Reading 292Index 295

O autorze

GARY S. GOLDBERG, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA.RACHEL AIRLEY, MRes, PhD, MRPharmS, FHEA, is a Community Pharmacist and former Lecturer in Pharmacology and Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK.