Part I. Introduction: 1. Why adaptation to climate change?; Part II. Conceptual framework: Understanding business adaptation to climate change: 2. Business adaptation limits and resilience to climate change adversity; 3. Adaptation to slow-onset nature adversity intensity; 4. Can you learn from the second kick of a mule? MNCs foreign investment, natural disasters, and country governance; 5. Disasters experience and MNC subsidiary entry and expansion; Part III. Empirical studies of business adaptation to nature adversity: 6. Canary in the coal mine: Western U.S. ski industry adaptation to warmer temperatures; 7. MNCs disregard of natural disasters and the role of host country context; 8. MNC disaster experience and foreign subsidiary investment; Part IV. Conclusions: 9. Business adaptation to climate change: Conclusions, limitations and future research.