Part 1. Origin of Brown and Beige Adipocytes.- 1. Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism.- 2. Lessons from Cre-Mice and Indicator Mice.- 3. Aging of Brown and Beige/Brite Adipose Tissue.- 4. Adipogenesis in Primary Cell Culture.- 5. In Vitro Models for Study of Brown Adipocyte Biology.- 6. Brown-Like Adipocyte Progenitors Derived from Human iPS Cells: A New Tool for Anti-obesity Drug Discovery and Cell-Based Therapy?.- 7. Brown Adipose Tissue in Human Infants.- Part 2. Molecular Mechanisms of BAT Function and Signaling.- 8. Evolution of UCP1.- 9. The Mechanism FA-Dependent H+ Transport by UCP1.- 10. Role of cAMP and cGMP Signaling in Brown Fat.- 11. Fatty Acid Metabolites as Novel Regulators of Non-shivering Thermogenesis.- 12. Regulatory Small and Long Noncoding RNAs in Brite/Brown Adipose Tissue.- 13. Brown Adipokines.- Part 3 Detection of BAT in vivo.- 14. Infrared Thermography.- 15. In Vivo Detection of Human Brown Adipose Tissue During Cold and Exercise by PET/CT.- 16. Techniques and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Studying Brown Adipose Tissue Morphometry and Function.- 17. Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography of Brown Adipose Tissue.- 18. BAT Exosomes: Metabolic Crosstalk with Other Organs and Biomarkers for BAT Activity.- Part 4. Recruitment and Activation of human BAT.- 19. Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT): Focus on Nutrition and Eating.- 20. Translational Aspects of Brown Fat Activation by Food-Derived Stimulants.- 21. Translational Pharmacology and Physiology of Brown Adipose Tissue in Human Disease and Treatment.