Brain Acetylcholine and Neuropsychiatric Disease

ISBN-13: 9781461329367 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 598 str.

Kenneth L. Davis

Opis

Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the possible role of brain acetylcholine in neuropsychiatric disease. Research in this area has involved the renewed investigation of the cholinomimetics physostigmine and arecoline, and has been facilitated by the development of new potential cholinomimetics such as dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) and choline chloride. Current investigators also have taken advantage of new approaches to neurochemical studies. Increasingly sensitive assay techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have allowed investigators to measure low concentra tions of choline and acetylcholine in brain tissues. Improved neuroanatomical procedures such as immunohistochemical staining and the use of microelectrodes and micropipets have enabled skilled investigators to begin to map central acetylcholine pathways and to dissect the component parts of the complex interactions between brain acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters. The convergence of data from both clinical and basic studies now suggest that brain acetylcholine may be involved in affective illness, several movement disorders, and some cognitive disturbances. The purpose of this book is to summarize recent clinical and pre-clinical investigations on the possible role of brain acetylcholine in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The volume is divided into six major sections: (1) Brain Acetylcholine and Psychiatric Disorders; (2) Brain Acetylcholine and Movement Disorders; (3) Brain Acetylcholine and Cognitive Function; (4) The Electrophysiology of Cholinergic Agents; (5) Interactions of Brain Acetylcholine and Other Neurotransmitters; (6) Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of CholinergiC Treatment Strategies.

Spis treści

Brain Acetylcholine and Psychiatric Disorders.- Psychological Effects of Cholinomimetic Agents.- Pharmacological Investigations of Cholinergic Mechanisms in Schizophrenia and Manic Psychosis.- Affective Changes with Deanol.- Lithium and Acetylcholine Interactions.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Acetylcholinesterase in Psychosis and Movement Disorders.- Brain Cholinergic Enzymes in Schizophrenia.- Red Cell Choline and Affective Disease.- Brain Acetylcholine and Movement Disorders.- Treatment of Huntington’s Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia with Choline Chloride.- Choline Administration to Patients with Huntington’s Disease or Tardive Dyskinesia.- Deanol Trials in Tardive Dyskinesia.- Oral Physostigmine and Inherited Ataxias.- Alterations in Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Binding in Huntington’s Disease.- Brain Acetylcholine and Cognitive Function.- Cholinergic Excitability and Memory: Animal Studies and their Clinical Implications.- Brain Acetylcholine and Disorders of Memory.- Carbohydrates and Acetylcholine Synthesis: Implications for Cognitive Disorders.- Cognitive Effects of Physostigmine and Choline Chloride in Normal Subjects.- The Treatment of Memory Deficits in the Aged with Choline Chloride.- The Electrophysiology of Cholinergic Agents.- Brain Acetylcholine and Animal Electrophysiology.- Acetylcholine: Possible Involvement in Sleep and Analgesia.- Electrophysiological Effects of Physostigmine in Humans.- Electrophysiological Effects of Choline Chloride in Elderly Subjects.- Interactions of Brain Acetylcholine and Other Neurotransmitters.- The Role of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Interactions in Diseases of the Central Nervous System.- Interactions Between Acetylcholine and Dopamine in the Basal Ganglia.- Evidence for the Existence of Two Striatal Dopamine Receptors.- Physostigmine Related Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurotransmitter Metabolites in Man.- Acetylcholine and Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion.- Biochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Cholinergic Treatment Strategies.- Dietary Control of Central Cholinergic Activity.- The Neurochemical Basis of Acetylcholine Precursor Loading as a Therapeutic Strategy.- Choline Availability — Choline High Affinity Transport and the Regulation of Acetylcholine Synthesis.- Pharmacokinetic Studies with Choline Chloride: A Preliminary Report.- Choline Chloride: Effect on Hypeidopamineigic States in Animals.- Author Index.