Biological Monitoring of Exposure and the Response at the Subcellular Level to Toxic Substances: Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Mee

ISBN-13: 9783540503361 / Angielski / Miękka / 1989 / 463 str.

Philip L. Chambers; Claire M. Chambers; Helmut Greim

Opis

This supplement contains the papers submitted at EUROTOX 88, the joint Congress of the European Society of Toxicology and the Federation of the European Societies of Toxicology. The theme was one of monitoring and examining the effects of toxic substances in the biological response at the subcellular level. Mechanisms of metal carcinogenicity are discussed as well as the biomonitoring of chemical exposure. Reports are provided on the role of individual differences in man and the effect of risk assessment. Papers appear dealing with the genetic control of drug metabolizing enzymes. The role of metabolism in organic specific toxicity is discussed. Information is included on the toxicological impact of chemicals interfering with the endocrine system as well as on the effects of toxicants on the immune system. Presentations deal with the current status of risk assessment in environmental toxicology.

Spis treści

Young Scientists Award Lecture 1988.- m-Dinitrobenzene: Studies on its Toxicity to the Testicular Sertoli Cell.- Mechanism of Metal Carcinogenicity.- Metals-Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence for Carcinogenicity.- Mechanistic Aspects of Chromium Carcinogenicity.- Mechanistic Aspects of Nickel Carcinogenicity.- Differing Effects of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) on Nucleotides and DNA.- Individual Biomonitoring of Chemical Exposure.- Nucleic Acid-Carcinogen Adducts in Human Dosimetry.- Molecular Dosimetry of Genotoxic Damage.- Protein-Carcinogen Adducts in Human Dosimetry.- Individual Exposure Monitoring from Plasma or Urinary Metabolite Determination.- 32P-Postlabelling of DNA Adducts in White Blood Cells of Foundry Workers.- A Sensitive Method for the Determination of Urinary Mercapturic Acids for Use in Biological Monitoring.- Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Ethylene Glycol Ethers.- Liver Damage after Coal-tar Treatment does not Prevent Induction of Glutathione S-Transferases in Rat Liver.- The Significance of Urinary Thioethers as Indicators of Exposure to Alkylating Agents.- Ethylenethiourea as an Indicator of Exposure to Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Fungicides.- Application of Flame Atom Trapping and Column Preconcentration Techniques to the Measurement of Cadmium in Urine.- Different Affinity of Erythrocyte Glutathione-S-Transferase to Methyl Chloride in Humans.- The Combinations of Inducers of the Coumarin Hydroxylase-Locus Help Investigate their Mode of Action.- Genes for Drug Metabolizing Enzymes.- Gene Structure and Regulation of Cytochrome P-450.- Evidence for Several Hepatic Proteins Related to Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase.- Expression of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Eucaryotic Cells.- Expression of P-450 Enzyme Activities in Heterologous Cells by Transfection.- of Cytochrome P-450 Genes into V79 Chinese Hamster Cells to Generate New Mutagenicity Test Systems.- Immunotoxicology.- Thymus Atrophy and Immunosuppression Induced by Organotin Compounds.- An Immunohistochemical Study of Dibutyltin-Induced Thymus Atrophy.- Inhibition of Phytohemagglutinine-Induced T Lymphocyte Proliferation by 6-(octadecyldithio)purine, a Novel Liposomal Prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine.- Effects of Ammonia Caramel and Tetrahydroxybutylimidazole on the Immune System of Rats.- The Popliteal Lymphnode Assay (PLNA) in Rodents: A Simple Functional Test for Detecting Sensitizing Effects of Xenobiotics.- Comparative Study on the Toxicity of Acetaminophen and Mercuric Chloride in Normal and Athymic Mice and Rats.- Significance of Serum Ferritin Concentrations in Lung Cancer and it’s Relation with Cellular Immunity.- Carcinogenesis.- Metabolic Activation of Diethylstilbestrol and 7,8-Benzoflavone in Hamster Hepatocytes.- Prostaglandin-H-Synthase Catalyzed Formation of Reactive Intermediates from Stilbene and from Steroid Estrogens: Covalent Binding to Proteins.- Hypomethylation of c-myc Proto-oncogene of N-Nitrosomorpholine - Induced Rat Liver Nodules and of H4IIE Cells.- Determination of 7-(2-Oxoethyl)guanine and N2,3-Ethenoguanine in DNA Hydrolysates by HPLC.- Detection of Acrolein Congener-DNA Adducts Isolated from Cellular Systems.- The DNA-Adducts of the Food Mutagen and Carcinogen IQ (2-amino- 3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline).- The Role of Extrahepatic Organs in the First Pass Metabolism of N-Nitrosodibutylamine.- Modulation of 17 ?-Ethinylestradiol and 7,8-Benzoflavone Metabolism in Hamster Liver Microsomes is Possibly Related to Hepatot Tumorigenesis.- Incidence of Preneoplastic Foci in Rat Liver Dependent on Different Promoting Schemes.- Metabolism and Endogenous Production of Ethylene in a Rat and Man.- Pharmacokinetics of Propylene and its Reactive Metabolite Propylene Oxide in Sprague-Dawley Rats.- Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks in the Kidney of Male B6C3F1 Mice after Exposure to Methyl Chloride.- Species Differences in DNA-Damage by Butadiene: Role of Diepoxybutane.- Determination of 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)Guanine with Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry as a Parameter for Genotoxicity of Ethylene Oxide.- The Relationships between Alkylation of Haemoglobin and DNA in Fischer 344 Rats Exposed to [14C] Ethylene Oxide.- Influence of Cytochrome P-450 Inhibitors on the Inhalative Uptake of Methyl Chloride and Methylene Chloride in Male B6C3F1 Mice.- Cisplatin Binding to Plasma Proteins and Hemoglobin in Cancer Patients.- A Simple Statistical Procedure for Testing Tumour Rates in Animal Carcinogenicity Experiments.- Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity.- Characterization of Microsomal and Cytoplasmic Metyrapone Reducing Enzymes from Mouse Liver.- Prevention of Liver Cell Damage Following Lipid Peroxidation by Depression of Lysophosphatide Formation.- Spontaneous and Xenobiotic-Induced In Vivo-Lipid Peroxidation in Iron-overloaded Rats.- Thioether Formation - Activation or Detoxication?.- N-Demethylation Reactions in Intact Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Supernatant.- Effect of Toxogonin on the Rat Liver Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Systems.- Selective Induction of Coumarin Hydroxylase by N-Containing Heteroaromatic Compounds.- Dichloromethane Metabolism to Carbon Monoxide can be Induced by Isonazid, Acetone and Fasting.- Study of Nafenopin, a Hypolipidemic Drug on Liver Metabolism.- Inhibitory Effect of Cholephilic Organic Acids on Hepatobiliary Transport and Mitochondrial Respiration.- Biochemical Investigation of Atractiylis Gummifera L. Hepatotoxicyty in the Rat.- Protective Effect of Zinc Against Hepatotoxic Agents in the Rat Liver Slice System: Role of Metallothionein.- Differences in Liver Sensitivity to Methyl Carbamate between Wistar and Fischer 344 Rats.- Study of Glutathione and Glutathione Related Enzymes in Acetaminophen-Poisoned Mice. Prevention by Anethole Trithione Pretreatment.- Depletion of Hepatic Glutathione in Rats Impairs Phagocytosis In Vivo.- Pharmacokinetics and Hepatotoxicity of 2-Nitropropane in Rats.- Biliary Excretion of Mutagenic Forms of Nitroimidazoles in Rats.- Effects of Arsenicals on Biliary Excretion of Endogenous Non-Protein Thiols, Mercurials and Sulfobromophthalein.- Influence of Glucocorticoids on the Postnatal Development of Cytochrome P-450 in Rat Liver.- Metal Toxicity.- Sulfhydryl-Induced Restoration of Myocardial Contractility after Alteration by Mercury.- Renal Ultrastructural Alterations and Cardiovascular Functional Changes in Rats Exposed to Mercuric Chloride.- Different Effects of Intraperitoneally and Orally Administered Palladium Chloride on the Hepatic Monooxygenase System of Male Mice.- Effect of Arsenic on Cellular Metabolism after Single or Repeated Injection in Guinea Pigs.- Influence of Strontium Chloride on Blood Platelet Function.- Influence of Triethylenetetramine and D-Penicillamine on Zinc Metabolism in Mice.- Behavioural Toxicology and Neurotoxicology.- Behavioural and Neurochemical Changes Produced by Lefetamine in Two Inbred Strains of Mice.- Effects of Carbamates upon Various Behavioural Parameters in Mice.- The Effects of Gentamicin on the Cockroach Nerve Cord.- Ecotoxicology.- Towards a Meaningful Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment.- Soil Pollution by Atrazine: Research on an Experimental Model.- Ecotoxicological Effects of Artificial Smokes on a Terrestrial Microcosm.- Enchytraeus albidus (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) as a Test Organism in Terrestrial Laboratory Systems.- Miscellaneous.- Comparative Assessments of Poly-L-Aspartic and Poly-L-Glutamic Acids as Protectants against Aminoglycoside-induced Nephrotoxicity.- Effect of Netilmicin and Amikacin on Urinary Phospholipids Excretion in Humans.- Depletion of Cytochrome P-450 and Alterations in Activities of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes by S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-Cysteine in Mouse Kidney Cortex.- Purification and some Properties of Bolesatine, a Protein Inhibiting In Vitro Protein Synthesis, from the Mushroom Boletus Satanas Lenz (Boletaceae).- Eye and Skin Irritation Induced by Picolines.- Canine Gingival Hyperplasia Induction and Recovery.- Stress Hormone Changes after Toxic Doses of New Anticancer Drugs.- Inhibition of Thyroid Hormone Transport in Plasma of Rats by Polychlorinated Biphenyls.- Methyl Parathion Toxicity in Rats is Changed by Pretreatment with the Pesticides Chlordecone, Mirex and Linuron.- Lack of Stress-Induced Neuroendocrine Changes after Prolonged Drinking of Acid Water in the Rat.- Author Index.

O autorze

Helmut Greim is Head of the DFG-Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area and also President of the Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance of the German Chemical Society. Both bodies are intimately involved in European regulatory procedures concerning hazardous chemicals.