Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Energy Research

ISBN-13: 9781468441352 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 506 str.

Filby

Opis

The increased demand on fossil fuels for energy production has resulted in expanded research and development efforts on direct use of fossil fuels and conversion of fossil fuels into synthetic fuels. These efforts have focused on the efficiency of the energy production and/or conversion processes, and of the emission control technology, as well as delineation of the health and environmental impacts of those processes and their by-products. A key ingredient of these studies is the analytical capability necessary to identify and quan tify those chemicals of interest in the process and by-produce streams from coal combustion, oil shale retorting, petroleum refin ing, coal l1quifaction and gasification. These capabilities are needed to analyze a formidable range of materials including liquids, solids, gases and aerosols containing large numbers of criteria and pollutants including potentially hazardous polynuclear aromatic hy drocarbons, organo-sulfur and organo-nitrogen species, trace elements and heavy metals, among others. Taking notice of these developments we sought to provide a forum to discuss the latest information on new and novel applica tions of a subset of those necessary analytical capabilities, namely atomic and nuclear techniques. Consequently, we organized the con ference on Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Fuel Energy Research, which was held in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico from December 1 to December 4, 1980.

Spis treści

Methods of Elemental Analysis of Fossil Fuels.- Analysis of Oil Shale Products and Effluents Using a Multitechnique Approach.- Nuclear Methods for Trace Elements in Petroleum and Petroleum Products.- Trace Element Composition of Athabasca Tar Sands and Extracted Bitumens.- Uranium Content of Petroleum by Fission Track Technique.- Fast Neutron Activation Analysis of Fossil Fuels and Liquefaction Products.- Determination of Trace Element Forms in Solvent Refined Coal Products.- Comparison of Mainframe and Minicomputer Spectral Analysis Codes in the Activation Analysis of Geological Samples.- Application and Comparison of Neutron Activation Analysis with Other Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Coal.- An Automated Multidetector System for Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Geological and Environmental Materials.- Modes of Occurrence of Trace Elements and Minerals in Coal: An Analytical Approach.- Development and Calibration of Standards for PNAA Assay of Coal.- On-line Nuclear Analysis of Coal and its Uses.- Analysis of Mineral Phases in Coal Utilizing Factor Analysis.- The Analysis of Inorganic Constituents in the Groundwater at an Underground Coal Gasification Site.- Application of PIXE, RBS and High Energy Proton Microbeams to the Elemental Analysis of Coal and Coal Waste.- Investigations of Mechanisms and Structures in Fossil Fuels.- Investigation of Coal Hydrogenation Using Deuterium as an Isotopic Tracer.- The Reaction of Carbon-14-Labeled Reagents with Coal.- Natural Permeability Reduction in Porous Media Due to the Presence of Kaolinite.- Research Methodology in Used Oil Recycling.- The Application of Photon Induced X-Ray Fluorescence for the Simultaneous Determinations of Cobalt, Nickel and Molybdenum in Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts.- Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis of Fly Ash Particles.- Spectroscopy and Asphaltene Structure.- Geologic Factors that Control Mineral Matter in Coal.- Structure Analysis of Coals by Resolution Enhanced Solid State 13C NMR Spectroscopy.- Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Oil Shale Evaluation and Processing.- NMR Results Raise Questions on Coal Liquefaction Model Compound Studies.- Characterization of Species in Fossil Fuels.- The Identification of Organic Compounds in Oil Shale Retort Water by GC and GC-MS.- Pyrolysis/High Resolution Mass Spectrometry with Metastable Peak Monitoring Applied to the Analysis of Green River Shale Kerogen.- Advances in the Chemistry of Alberta Tar Sands: Field Ionization Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Studies.- Sulfur Forms Determination in Coal Using Microwave Discharge Activated Oxygen and MSssbauer Spectroscopy.- Analysis of Radionuclides in Airborne Effluents from Coal-Fired Power Plants.- Secular Equilibrium of Radium in Western Coal.- Electron Beam Ionization for Coal Fly Ash Precipitators.