Astrochemistry: The Physical Chemistry of the Universe

ISBN-13: 9781119114727 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 496 str.

Andrew M. Shaw

Spis treści

Preface to the First Edition ixPreface to the Second Edition xiiiAbout the Companion Website xvii1 The Molecular Universe 11.1 The Standard Model - Big Bang Theory 21.2 Galaxies, Stars, and Planets 51.3 Origins of Life 61.4 Other Intelligent Life 111.5 Theories of the Origin of Life 131.6 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) 15Problems 16References 162 Starlight, Galaxies, and Clusters 192.1 Simple Stellar Models - Black-Body Radiation 192.2 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: 2.725 K 252.3 Stellar Classification 272.4 Constellations 352.5 Galaxies 402.6 Cosmology 46Problems 48References 513 Atomic and Molecular Astronomy 533.1 Spectroscopy and the Structure of Matter 533.2 Line Shape 593.3 Telescopes 653.4 Atomic Spectroscopy 743.5 Molecular Astronomy 783.6 Molecular Masers 973.7 Detection of Hydrogen 993.8 Diffuse Interstellar Bands 1003.9 Spectral Mapping 102Problems 103References 1064 Stellar Chemistry 1094.1 Classes of Stars 1114.2 Herzprung-Russell Diagram 1124.3 Stellar Evolution 1134.4 Stellar Spectra 1234.5 Exotic Stars 1314.6 Cycle of Star Formation 138Problems 139References 1425 The Interstellar Medium 1455.1 Mapping Clouds of Molecules 1465.2 Molecules in the Interstellar and Circumstellar Medium 1525.3 Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium 1565.4 Rates of Chemical Reactions 1605.5 Chemical Reactions in the Interstellar Medium 1705.6 Photochemistry 1735.7 Charged Particle Chemistry 1765.8 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1765.9 Dust Grains 1805.10 Chemical Models of Molecular Clouds 1855.11 Running the Models 1925.12 Prebiotic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium 194Problems 199References 2046 Meteorite and Comet Chemistry 2076.1 Phases of Matter, Heat, and Change 2086.2 Meteor Ablation 2136.3 Enthalpy of Reaction 2196.4 Formation of the Solar System 2236.5 Classification of Meteorites 2266.6 Geological Time 2316.7 Chemical Analysis of Meteorites by muL²MS 2356.8 Comet Chemistry 2476.9 Chemical Composition of Comets 2526.10 Cometary Collisions with Planets 2576.11 The Rosetta Mission 259Problems 263References 2707 Planetary Chemistry 2757.1 Structure of a Star-Planet System 2767.2 Surface Gravity 2787.3 Formation of the Earth 2807.4 Earth-Moon System 2837.5 Geological Periods 2857.6 Radiative Heating 2877.7 The Habitable Zone 2897.8 Detecting Extrasolar Planets 2917.9 Extrasolar Planets - The Current Inventory 2937.10 Planetary Atmospheres 2957.11 Atmospheric Photochemistry 3047.12 Biomarkers in the Atmosphere 310Problems 311References 3178 Prebiotic Chemistry 3198.1 Carbon- and Water-Based Life Forms 3198.2 Solvent Properties 3208.3 Spontaneous Chemical Reactions 3218.4 Acid-Base Buffers 3328.5 Prebiotic Molecular Inventory 3358.6 Exogenous Delivery of Organic Molecules 3458.7 Homochirality 3468.8 Surface Metabolism 3508.9 Geothermal Vents 3538.10 RNA World Hypothesis 356Problems 358References 3629 Primitive Life Forms 3659.1 Self-Assembly and Encapsulation 3669.2 Protocells 3709.3 Enzyme Catalysis 3799.4 Universal Tree of Life 3809.5 Astrobiology 3839.6 Subsurface Antarctic Lakes - Astrobiological Time Capsules 390Problems 391References 39610 Mars and Titan - Habitats for Life? 39910.1 Solar System Habitats 39910.2 Biosignatures 40010.3 Contamination 40410.4 Mars 40510.5 Titan 40810.6 Physical-Chemical Properties and the Radiation Budget 40910.7 Temperature-Dependent Chemistry 41410.8 The Atmospheres 41610.9 Astrobiology on Mars and Titan 42710.10 And Finally 430Problems 430References 437Appendix A: Constants and Units 441Appendix B: Astronomical Data 443Appendix C: Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Compounds 445Solutions to Problems 447Index 475

O autorze

Andrew M. Shaw, PhD, is Associate Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Exeter, UK. Professor Shaw's research concentrates on quantitative descriptions of physical chemistry interpreted with fully mechanistic mathematical models.