Arsenic: Exposure Sources, Health Risks, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

ISBN-13: 9781118511145 / Angielski / Twarda / 2015 / 576 str.

J. Christopher States

Opis

This book illustrates the chemistry, toxicology, and health effects of arsenic using novel modeling techniques, case studies, experimental data, and future perspectives.

- Covers exposure sources, health risks, and mechanisms of one of the most toxic minerals in the world
- Helps readers understand potential health effects of arsenic, using population studies, mammalian and invertebrate models, and pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic models
- Discusses outcomes, epidemiology, real-life examples, and modes of action for arsenic-induced diseases, like lung cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and immunotoxicity
- Acts as a reference for toxicologists, environmental chemists, and risk assessors and includes up-to-date, novel modeling techniques for scientists
- Includes future perspectives on special topics, like extrapolation from experimental models to human exposures, biomarkers for phenotypic anchoring, and pathology of chronic exposure

A worldwide health problem, arsenic exposure affects over 140 million people. This book discusses arsenic s fundamentals, exposure sources, epidemiology and disease, and toxic mechanisms.

Spis treści

Section I: Fundamentals of Arsenic Exposure and Metabolism

Chapter 1: History of Arsenic as a Poison and Medicinal 4

Chapter 2: Geogenic and Anthropogenic Arsenic Hazard in Groundwaters and Soils Distribution, Nature, Origin & Human Exposure Routes 34

Chapter 3: Remediation of Arsenic in Drinking Water 115

Chapter 4: The Chemistry and Metabolism of Arsenic 149

Section II: Epidemiology and Disease Manifestations of Arsenic Exposure

Chapter 5: Human Population Studies and Nutritional Intervention 203

Chapter 6: Skin manifestations of chronic arsenicosis 230

Chapter 7: Lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases 247

Chapter 8: Bladder Cancer and Arsenic 300

Chapter 9: Neurological Effects of Arsenic Exposure 342

Chapter 10: Diabetes Mellitus 387

Chapter 11: Hepatotoxicity 428

Chapter 12: Genetic Epidemiology of Susceptibility to Arsenic–induced Diseases 457

Section III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

Chapter 13: Arsenic Interaction with Zinc Finger Motifs 501

Chapter 14: Role In Chemotherapy 545

Chapter 15: Genotoxicity 607

Chapter 16: Arsenic and Signal Transduction 650

Chapter 17: Stem Cell Targeting and Alteration by Arsenic 704

Chapter 18: Epigenetics and Arsenic Toxicity 748

Section IV: Models for Arsenic Toxicology, Risk Assessment

Chapter 19: Cancer Induced by Exposure to Arsenicals in Animals 779

Chapter 20: Arsenic induced cardiovascular disease 804

Chapter 21: Invertebrate Models in Arsenic Research: Past, Present & Future 835

Chapter 22: Toxicokinetics and Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Arsenic 884

Chapter 23: Considerations for a Biologically Based Risk Assessment for Arsenic 909

Chapter 24: Translating experimental data to human populations 955

O autorze

J. Christopher States, PhD, is Professor, University Scholar and Vice Chair for Graduate Education  in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Associate Dean for Research in the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. He is a Past President of the Society of Toxicology Metals Specialty Section, on the editorial board of several leading journals, and regularly serves as a reviewer of manuscripts and National Institutes of Health grants. He has organized symposia and workshops and chaired sessions on arsenic exposure and toxicology at international conferences and published over 100 articles.

Blurb

Although used in pesticides and wood preservatives, arsenic is potentially fatal at high levels and creates a toxicological concern around the world according to one study, over 140 million people in more than 70 countries are affected by arsenic contamination of drinking water. Exposure to high levels of arsenic also occurs in workplaces and near hazardous waste sites, and long–term exposure is often associated with several types of cancer and death from other chronic diseases. Despite the known effects of arsenic and regulatory guidelines to deal with it, there are increasing reports and evidential research that indicate more health risks and growing concerns.

This book discusses arsenic s fundamentals, exposure sources, epidemiology and disease, and toxic mechanisms. It illustrates the chemistry, toxicology, and health effects of arsenic using novel modeling techniques, population studies, experimental data, and future perspectives. It illustrates the chemistry, toxicology, and health effects of arsenic so that readers will come away with an understanding about the potential health risks and ways that toxicological research can improve and contribute to characterization and risk assessment of arsenic exposure.

An invaluable resource and reference for toxicologists, environmental chemists, and risk assessors; this book offers:

Population studies, mammalian and invertebrate models, and pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic models

Discussion of outcomes, epidemiology, real–life examples, and modes of action for arsenic–induced diseases, like lung cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases

Future perspectives on special topics, like extrapolation from experimental models to human exposures, biomarkers for phenotypic anchoring, and pathology of chronic exposure