Applications of Polymer Nanofibers

ISBN-13: 9781119267683 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 432 str.

Anthony L. Andrady;Saad A. Khan

Spis treści

Preface xiii1 Electrospinning Parameters and Resulting Nanofiber Characteristics: Theoretical to Practical Considerations 1Christina Tang, Shani L. Levit, Kathleen F. Swana, Breland T. Thornton, Jessica L. Barlow, and Arzan C. Dotivala1.1 Electrospinning Overview 11.2 Effect of Process Parameters 21.2.1 Theoretical Analysis 21.2.2 Experimental Results 51.3 Effect of Setup Parameters 61.4 Effect of Solution Parameters 111.4.1 Polymer Solution Properties (Molecular Weight, Concentration, Viscosity, and Elasticity) 111.4.2 Solvent Selection 141.4.3 Additivities to Tune Solution Properties 161.4.3.1 Surface Tension 161.4.3.2 Conductivity 161.5 Electrospinnable Systems 171.5.1 Nonpolymer Electrospinning 181.6 Advanced Fiber Characteristics 201.6.1 Ribbons, Wrinkles, Branching, and Netting 201.6.2 Porous Fibers 211.6.3 Core-Shell Fibers 241.6.3.1 Coaxial Electrospinning 241.6.3.2 Emulsion Electrospinning 251.7 Process Scalability 261.7.1 Melt Electrospinning 261.7.2 Needleless or "Free-Surface" Electrospinning 291.7.3 Alternative Fiber Production Methods 30References 322 Textile Applications of Nanofibers 41Jiadeng Zhu, Yeqian Ge, and Xiangwu Zhang2.1 Introduction of Nanofibers in Textile Applications 412.2 Fabrication of Nanofiber Yarns 422.2.1 Electrospinning 422.2.2 Bicomponent Spinning 432.2.3 Melt Blowing 442.2.4 Flash Spinning 442.2.5 Centrifugal Spinning 452.2.6 Formation of Nanofiber Yarns 452.3 Structure and Properties of Nanofiber Yarns 472.4 Fabrication of Nanofiber Fabrics 522.4.1 Nanofibrous Nonwoven Fabrics 522.4.2 Nanofibrous Woven Fabrics 542.5 Characteristics and Specialized Applications of Nanofiber Fabrics 572.5.1 Protective Clothing 572.5.2 Filter Fabrics 582.5.3 Wearable Devices 592.5.4 Functional Fabrics 602.5.5 Biomedical Textiles 612.6 Summary and Future Trends 61References 623 Nanofiber Mats as High-Efficiency Filters 68Howard J. Walls and David S. Ensor3.1 Introduction 683.1.1 Background 683.1.2 Filtration Overview 693.1.3 Available Information 703.1.4 Scope of This Chapter 703.2 Filters Made with Nanofibers 723.2.1 Consequences of Reducing Fiber Size 723.2.2 Slip Flow 733.2.3 Pressure Drop 743.2.4 Particle Collection Mechanisms 763.2.5 Evaluation 813.2.6 Nanofiber Media Modeling 823.3 Filtration Developments 823.3.1 Media Scale 833.3.1.1 Support Substrates 833.3.1.2 Mixed Bead-Fiber Systems 853.3.1.3 Unsupported Nanofiber Membranes 853.3.1.4 Multilayer Mats 863.3.1.5 Intermingled Nanofiber Mats 873.3.1.6 Mesh Substrates 873.3.1.7 Mat Morphological Modifications 873.3.2 Fiber Scale 883.3.2.1 Functional Fibers 883.3.2.2 Coated Fibers 883.3.2.3 Combining Nanofibers and Nanoparticles for Dual Function 893.3.2.4 Core Shell Fibers 893.3.2.5 Electrostatics 903.4 Outlook 90Acknowledgments 92References 924 Nanofiber-Based Chemical Sensors 100Anthony L. Andrády4.1 Introduction 1004.2 General Features of Sensors 1044.3 Nanofibers as a Sensor Material 1054.3.1 Nanofiber vs. Thin-Film Geometry 1064.4 Approaches to Nanofiber Sensor Design 1094.5 Gravimetric Nanofiber Sensors 1104.5.1 Quartz Crystal Microbalance 1104.5.2 Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators 1124.6 Optical Sensors 1144.6.1 Colorimetric Sensors 1144.6.2 Fluorescence Sensors 1174.7 Electrochemical Sensors 1204.7.1 Metal-Oxide Sensors 1244.7.2 Graphene-Based Sensors 124References 1265 Nanofibers in Energy Applications 137Caitlin Dillard and Vibha Kalra5.1 Overview 1375.2 Energy Storage Applications 1425.2.1 Rechargeable Batteries 1435.2.1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries 1455.2.1.2 Sodium-Ion 1545.2.1.3 Beyond Li-Ion 1555.2.2 Supercapacitors 1605.2.2.1 Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) 1615.2.2.2 Pseudocapacitors 1645.2.2.3 Separators 1675.3 Energy Conversion Applications 1675.3.1 Fuel Cells 1695.3.1.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 1715.3.1.2 Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) 1755.3.1.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 1765.3.2 Photovoltaics 1785.3.2.1 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) 1815.3.2.2 Perovskite Solar Cells 1855.3.2.3 Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) 1865.4 Concluding Remarks 190References 1926 Electrospun Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications 204Zeynep Aytac and Tamer Uyar6.1 Introduction 2046.2 Methods for Encapsulation of Bioactive Molecules in Electrospun Nanofibers 2066.2.1 Blend Electrospinning 2066.2.1.1 Delivery of Drugs 2066.2.1.2 Delivery of Proteins 2136.2.1.3 Fast-Dissolving Electrospun Nanofibers 2166.2.1.4 Stimuli-Responsive Nanofibers 2216.2.2 Coaxial Electrospinning 2266.2.2.1 Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs 2276.2.2.2 Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs 2296.2.2.3 Delivery of Proteins, Enzymes, and Growth Factors 2306.2.2.4 Delivery of Multiple Drugs 2336.2.2.5 Stimuli-Responsive Nanofibers 2356.2.3 Emulsion Electrospinning 2386.2.3.1 Single Electrospinning 2396.2.3.2 Coaxial Electrospinning 2426.3 Conclusion 246References 2477 Interfacing Electrospun Nanofibers with Microorganisms: Applications from Killing to Repelling to Delivering Living Microbes 257Emily Diep, Jessica D. Schiffman, and Irene S. Kurtz7.1 Introduction 2577.2 Brief Background on the Electrospinning Process 2587.3 Electrospinning Process and Variables 2587.4 Why It Is Important to Understand the Interactions Between Biomaterials and Microorganisms 2607.5 Background on Antibacterial Surface Engineering 2617.6 Background on Antifouling Surface Engineering 2627.7 Polymer Selection for Nanofibrous Biomaterials 2637.8 Electrospinning Techniques Tailor the Location of Active Agents 2647.9 Blend Electrospinning Yields a Dispersed Active Agent 2657.10 Coaxial and Emulsion Electrospinning Enables the Controlled Delivery of Active Agents 2667.11 Coating Electrospun Mats Tailors Their Interactions with Cells 2677.12 Antibacterial Nanofiber Mats 2687.13 Multifaceted Delivery from Nanofibrous Mats 2707.14 Antifouling Nanofiber Mats 2717.15 Nanofibrous Mats Containing Living Cells 2737.16 Conclusion 275Acknowledgments 276References 2768 Advances in Functionalizing the Interior and Exterior of Polymer Nanofibers 292Richard J. Spontak, Bharadwaja S.T. Peddinti, Kristen E. Roskov and Xiaoyu Sun8.1 Introduction 2928.2 Nanofibers with Controlled Nanoparticle Distribution 2958.2.1 Thermodynamic Considerations of Polymer Blends 2958.2.2 Hybrid Nanofibers with Polymer Blends 2978.2.3 Hybrid Nanofibers in Electromagnetic Fields 3028.2.4 Anisotropic Nanoparticles in Flow Fields 3048.3 As-spun Nanofibers with Bioresponsive Properties 3078.3.1 Interior Incorporation of Antimicrobial Additives 3078.3.2 Exterior Biofunctionalization of Polymer Nanofibers 3098.4 Polymer Nanofibers with Postfunctionalized Surfaces 3168.5 Nanofibers Produced by Directed Self-Assembly 3218.6 Concluding Remarks 325Acknowledgments 326References 3269 Nanofiber Aerogels: Bringing a Third Dimension to Electrospun Nanofibers 347Tahira Pirzada, Vahid Rahmanian, and Saad A. Khan9.1 Aerogels 3479.1.1 Processing 3489.1.2 Properties and Applications 3499.1.3 Challenges 3509.2 Nanofiber-Based Aerogels 3509.2.1 Historical Background 3519.2.2 Fabrication of Nanofiber-Based Aerogels (NFAs) 3529.2.2.1 Electrospinning 3529.2.2.2 Dispersion Preparation 3579.2.2.3 Solid Templating 3599.2.3 Applications 3619.2.3.1 Filtration 3619.2.3.2 Thermal Insulation 3659.2.3.3 Building and Lightweight Construction 3679.3 Future Perspectives 367References 36910 Micro and Nanofibers 374Behnam Pourdeyhimi, Nataliya Fedorova, and Benoit Maze10.1 Electrospinning 37610.2 The Melt-blowing Process 37710.2.1 The Reicofil Process 38110.2.2 The Biax Multirow Process 38410.2.3 The Hills Process 38610.3 "Splittable" Bicomponent Fibers 38710.4 Partially "Soluble" Bicomponent Fibers 39310.5 Fibrillating Bicomponent Fibers 397References 398Index 406

O autorze

Anthony L. Andrady, PhD, is Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the National College of Rubber Technology in London, England. He holds 7 US patents pertaining to electrospun polymer nanofibers and in 2007, he authored "Science and Technology of Polymer Nanofibers." His present research interests include the origins of short polymer fibers (both micro- and nanoscale) in the environment. Dr. Andrady is the author of over 150 research publications in scientific journals and has edited or authored 5 books in the general area of polymers.Saad A. Khan, PhD, is INVISTA Professor and Director of the Graduate Program in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. He is a Fellow of the Society of Rheology and has research interests in soft solids that includes functional nonwovens, gels, suspensions, nano- and micro-fibers, and aerogels. Dr. Khan holds 16 patents, has published over 230 scholarly papers, and has edited a book in the area of foams.