Antibiotic Resistance: Transposition and Other Mechanisms

ISBN-13: 9783540103226 / Angielski / Miękka / 1981 / 410 str.

Susumu Mitsuhashi; L. Rosival; V. Kremery

Opis

Proceedings from the International Symposium on Antibiotic Resistance 1979, the fourth volume in the series of material edited from the Smolenice symposium, is a continuation in the tradition of communicating new scientific results on a currently important and interesting problem. It concerns not only human and veterinary medicine and practice, but also such important fields of contemporary biology as molecular biology and genetics. Indeed, in both these disciplines, we have recently noted a strong and dynamic de- velopment of scientific knowledge directed toward such outgrowths of the study of plasmids as gene manipulations, transposons, and transposition, as well as the evolution of plasmids in general. Because of a very real global development of resistance to the newest antibiotics, and the active participation of experts from medical science and practice, it was reasonable to separate the medical part of the program from the theoretical one. Consequently, priorities of the fourth symposium were transposons and the transposition of resistance of to antibiotics, with their serious impact on epidemiology, the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that is becoming a prominent nosocomial pathogen, the ecology and epidemiology ofR plasmids, and, last though not least, the computer-assisted surveillance of resistance to antibiotics.

Spis treści

I. Theoretical Part.- Nonconjugative drug resistance plasmids.- Genetic studies of nonconjugative sulfanilamide resistance plasmids in gram-negative bacteria.- R plasmids and bacterial chromosome transfer.- R 68.45, a plasmid with chromosome mobilizing ability differs from R68 by a duplicated DNA region.- Mapping of replication genes of plasma RP4.- Translocation of drug resistance genes in P. aeruginosa.- Carbenicillin resistance and multiresistance plasmid in P. aeruginosa.- Attempts to transduce antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.- Molecular and genetic analyses of plasmids responsible for lactose catabolism in Salmonellae isolated from diseased humans.- The influence of the rec A mutation on the intramolecular gene amplification of Tn 1771 in Escherichia coli.- Gene expression of transposable element determining ampicillin resistance.- New recombinant prophages between bacteriophage P1 and the R plasmid NR 1.- Promoters of replication determinants of plasmid R6–5.- RP4 mutants generated by insertion element ISR1.- A mutant affecting the deletion of resistance-determinant(s) on R plasmids.- Plasmid R 1 contains two distinct functional replicons.- Chromosomal mutation affecting the expression of plasmid R6K #x0394;1 in E. coli K-12.- Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants for replication of composite plasmid Rms 201.- Genetic and physico-chemical analysis of antibiotic resistance plasmids of clinical strains.- The properties of E. coli (R+)- strain with a mutation in the Rldrd-19 plasmid.- Investigation about an eventual correlation between generation time of E. coli increased by R plasmids and their molecular size.- Loss of the multi-copy resistance plasmid pBR 325 from E.coli GY 2354 pBR 325 during continuous cultivation.- Isoelectric focusing analysis of monoplasmids carried by E. coli strains.- Enhanced chloramphenicol resistance of the lysogenic strain E. coli GY 2354 P1CM.- Reassortment and gene amplification of R-factor R 1767 from Salmonella typhimurium.- Characterization of A SmSuplasmid (rBP1) frequently occurring in clinical isolates of E. coli.- Replication functions determined by the basic replicon of the antibiotic resistance factor R1.- Cloning of synthesis and transport functions of the extracellular toxic protein, #x03B1;-haemolysin of E. coli.- Molecular fine structure of enterotoxin plasmid obtained from E. coli and inserted with drug-resistance transposons.- Conditions for the existance of R plasmids in bacterial populations.- R-factor transfer under environmental conditions.- Incompability testing of FI* R-factors from the area of Berne.- II. Medical Part.- In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of T-1551, a new semisynthetic Cephalosporin.- In vitro susceptibility to cefamandole of staphylococci enterococci, Enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas species.- YM 09330, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic Cephamycin antibiotic.- Immunochemical properties of the structures of Salmonella typhimurium strains resistant to Cephaloridine.- In vitro and in vivo antibacterila activity, beta-lactamase stability and binding affinity to penicillin-binding proteins of Cefotaxime (HR 756), a new Cephalosporin derivative.- In vitro and in vivo antibacterial acitivity of AM-715, a new analog of Nalidixic ac id.- Interactions of Azlocillin and Mezlocillin with aminoglycosides against Carbenicillin-resistant and sensitive P. aeruginosa.- N. I. H. Programs in antibiotic resistance, recombinant DNA, hospital-associated infections and sexually transmitted diseases.- The spread of Transposon 7 among bacteria of medical and veterinary importance.- Trimethoprim resistance plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Greece.- Gentamicin resistance plasmids in hospital in flections.- Drug resistance of Bordetella bronchiseptica from pigs.- Antibiotic resistance and R plasmids in Serratia marcescens isolated from clinical specimens in Japan.- AAC(3) and AAC (6?) enzymes produced by R plasmids isolated in general hospital.- Inactivation of aminogycosides by enzymes: Biological properties of inactivation products.- Structural and functional relationship between aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes from streptococci and staphylococci.- Could a single enzyme inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by two different mechanisms.- Multiple enzymatic modification of aminoglycosides by P. aeruginosa and enterobacteria strains resistant to gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin and aminkacin.- Biochemical aspects of bacterial resistance to new beta-lactam drugs non hydrolyzable by beta-lactamases.- Stability of the drug resistance of S. aureus under different conditions. Spontaneous loss of some plasmids in experimental conditions in vivo.- Studies on the role of Col V plasmid in the pathogenicity of E. coli strains.- Studies on R and Col plasmids in S. sonnei strains frequently isolated from outbreaks.- R plasmid ecology in Salmonella in human gut.- Drug resistance in main udder pathogens.- Salmonella heidelberg penicillinase plasmids found during a nosocomial epidemic.- Computerization of a clinical microbiology laboratory.- Identification of specific antibiotic resistance mechanisms from routine susceptibility testing results.- Clinical use of antibiotics, a nationwide computer study.- Problems concerning multicenter studies on drug resistance.- Author index.