An Introduction to Separation Science

ISBN-13: 9780471458609 / Angielski / Twarda / 1973 / 608 str.

Barry L. Karger; Csaba Horvath; Lloyd R. Snyder

Opis

A comprehensive, integrated view of separation science Introduction to Separation Science offers a unified treatment of the fundamentals and practical applications of separation. The book places an emphasis on laboratory and analytical separations and takes this unified approach to address the fact that practical applications in separation have been developed and used in a variety of unrelated disciplines. The result is a complete overview of separation techniques within these varied, disparate areas of practice, providing the perfect guide to the reader who wishes to become familiar with separation techniques in fields outside their own.

Spis treści

Master Symbol List

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Historical Perspective

1.2 The Profusion of Separation Methods

1.3 About the Book

Part One Fundamentals

Chapter 2. Separation Equilibria

2.1 Thermodynamics of Separation

2.2 The Molecular Basis of Equilibrium Separations

Chapter 3. Diffusion and Mass Transport

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Diffusion

3.3 Diffusion Rates in Various Media

3.4 Thermal Diffusion

3.5 Mass Transfer through Interfaces

3.6 Fluid Flow

Chapter 4. Operational Aspects of Separation

4.1 Terminology and Classification

4.2 Single–Contact (Cocurrent) Processes

4.3 Differential Processes

4.4 Crosscurrent Processes

4.5 Countercurrent Processes

4.6 Countercurrent Processes with Reflux

4.7 Differential Migration Methods

4.8 Craig Distribution and Chromatography

4.9 Zone Melting

Chapter 5. Chromatography

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Retention and Equilibrium

5.3 The Origin and Importance of Band Spreading

5.4 Resolution

5.5 Multicomponent Separations

Chapter 6. Characteristics of Individual Separation Methods

6.1 Adaptability

6.2 Load Capacity

6.3 Fraction Capacity

6.4 Selectivity

6.5 Speed and Convenience of Separation

Part Two Methods Based on Phase and Distribution Equilibria

Chapter 7. Distillation (R. H. McCormick)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Theory

7.3 Experimental Techniques

7.4 Other Types of Distillation

Chapter 8. Gas–Liquid Chromatography

8.1 Theory

8.2 Experimental Gas–Liquid Chromatography

8.3 Typical Applications

Chapter 9. Solvent Extraction (H. Freiser)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Process of Extraction

9.3 Classification of Inorganic Extraction Systems

9.4 Fundamental Extraction Parameters

9.5 Methods of Extraction

9.6 Quantitative Treatment of Extraction Equilibria

Chapter 10. Liquid–Liquid Chromatography

10.1 Theory

10.2 Column Chromatography

10.3 Paper Chromatography

10.4 Some Related Methods

10.5 Applications

Chapter 11. Crystallization (W. R. Wilcox)

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Crystallization Phenomena

11.3 Separation by Crystallization

11.4 Phenomena Influencing Separation

11.5 Related Processes

Chapter 12. Ion–Exchange Separation Processes (H. L. Rothbart)

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Structure

12.3 Properties of Ion Exchangers

12.4 Applications

12.5 Chromatography

Chapter 13. Liquid–Solid Adsorption Chromatography

13.1 Theory

13.2 Experimental Aspects

13.3 Some Related Methods

13.4 Affinity Chromatography

13.5 Applications

Chapter 14. Other Interfacial Processes

14.1 Gas–Solid Adsorption

14.2 Adsorption Bubble Separation Processes

Chapter 15. Exclusion Processes (J. Y. Chuang and J. F. Johnson)

15.1 Adsorption on Molecular Sieves (Zeolites)

15.2 Gel Chromatography

15.3 Clathration

Part Three Other Separation Methods

Chapter 16. Barrier Separation Processes (R. A. Cross and H. Strathmann)

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Structure and Transport Properties of Semipermeable Membranes

16.3 Fluxes and Driving Forces in Membrane Separation Processes

16.4 Theory and Practice of Selected Membrane Separation Processes

Chapter 17. Electrophoresis (M. Bier)

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Theory

17.3 Techniques

Chapter 18. Miscellaneous Separation Processes

18.1 Ultracentrifugation

18.2 Particle Classification by Size

18.3 Electromagnetic Separation (Mass Spectrometry)

18.4 Thermal Diffusion

18.5 The Use of Enzymes for Separation

Chapter 19. Multistep Separation Schemes for Complex Samples

19.1 Designing a Multistep Scheme

19.2 Some Examples of Separation Schemes

19.3 Conclusion

Index