Preface; Introduction; 1. The medieval economy, 1143–1500; 2. The age of globalization, 1500–1620; 3. War and recovery, 1620–1703; 4. The Atlantic economy, 1703–1807; 5. The rise of liberalism, 1807–1914; 6. Patterns of convergence, 1914–2010; Conclusion; References; Index.