Advances in Mutagenesis Research

ISBN-13: 9783642762345 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 197 str.

G. Nter Obe

Opis

Applied genetic research, genetic toxicology and mutation research investigate the mutagenicity and cancerogenicity of chemicals and other agents. Permanent mutation in genes and chromosomes, can be induced by a plethora of agents, including ionizing and nonionizing radiations, chemicals, and viruses. Among the aspects discussed by Advances in Mutagenesis Research are (1) the understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to mutations, and (2) the prevention of a thoughtless introduction of mutagenic agents into the environment.

Spis treści

Rejoining of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Yeast.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Measurement of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by the Neutral Sucrose Sedimentation Method.- 3 Induction of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Yeast Irradiated with Ionizing Radiations: Effect of Linear Energy Transfer and Oxia.- 4 DNA Double-Strand Breaks as Critical Lesions for Yeast Cell Killing.- 5 Rejoining of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Yeast by Sparsely Ionizing Radiation.- 6 Rejoining of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Yeast by 3.5 MeV ?-Particles.- 7 DNA-Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Anoxic Yeast Show Different Rejoining Kinetics Compared to Oxically Induced Double-Strand Breaks.- 8 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Cellular and Molecular Effects of Radon and Other Alpha Particle Emitters.- 1 Inhalation of Radon Induces Lung Cancer.- 2 Energy Deposition by Alpha Particles.- 3 Evidence That Irreparable Lesions Are Induced by Alpha Particles.- 4 Induction of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by Alpha Radiation.- 5 Chromosomal Damage Induced by Alpha Radiation.- 6 Mutagenicity of Alpha Radiation.- 7 Characterization of Mutational Lesions Induced by Alpha Radiation.- 8 Oncogenic Transformation Induced by Alpha Radiation.- 9 Role of Ionizing Radiation in Oncogenic Transformation.- References.- Reassessment of Radiogenic Cancer Risk and Mutagenesis at Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Low Dose Mutagenicity Studies.- 3 The Present Basis of Radiation Protection Guidelines..- 4 Epidemiological Studies Limited to Low Doses.- 5 The A-Bomb Survivor Study.- 6 Results.- 7 Discussion.- 8 Comparison with Other Low-Dose Epidemiological Studies.- 9 Conclusion.- Appendix: Lifetime Cancer Risk Projection.- References.- Chromosomal Instability Syndromes in Man.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Clinical Characteristics.- 3 Cytogenetic Characteristics.- 4 Heterozygote Detection and Prenatal Diagnosis.- 5 Genetic Heterogeneity and Molecular Studies.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- Chromosomal Changes in Nonneoplastic Somatic Cells of Cancer Patients: Indication of a Predisposing Chromosomal Instability?.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Methodological Approaches.- 3 Results.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Excogitations About the Quantification of Stractural Chromosomal Aberrations.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Necessary Prerequisites.- 3 The Ideal Situation.- 4 Imprecision: The Effect of Cell Kinetics.- 5 The Influence of Mitotic Delay.- 6 Mitigating Problems by Cohort Analysis.- 7 Concluding Comments.- References.