Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics: 14th Congress of the International Society for Forensic Haemogenetics (Internationale Gesellschaft for Forensische

ISBN-13: 9783540551942 / Angielski / Miękka / 1992 / 451 str.

Christian Rittner; Peter M. Schneider

Opis

Neuere Entwicklungen in der Molekulargenetik sowie die Notwendigkeit, unanfechtbare Beweise zu liefern, haben zu immer schnelleren Fortschritten auf dem Gebiet der H{mogenetik in der Gerichtsmedizin gef}hrt. Dieser Band enth{lt die Beitr{ge mit neuesten Erkenntnissen, die hierzu auf dem Kongre im September 1991 in Mainz vorgetragen wurden. Im Zentrum steht die Frage der forensischen Anwendung bzw. Andwendbarkeit der DNS-technologischen Forschung. Einige Artikel befassen sich mit Standardisierungs-, Artefakt- und Identifikationsproblemen bez}glich menschlicher ]berreste. Auch ethische und juristische Gesichtspunkte werden diskutiert.

Spis treści

Speech of the Minister of Justice of Rheinland-Pfalz (Germany) Peter Caeser at the occasion of the opening of the 14th Congress of the International Society of Forensic Haemogenetics.- Speech of the Minister of Justice of Rheinland-Pfalz (Germany) Peter Caeser at the occasion of the opening of the 14th Congress of the International Society of Forensic Haemogenetics.- PCR Systems.- Some Considerations for Use of AMP-FLPs for Identity Testing.- Forensic Use of Short Tandem Repeats via PCR.- Automation of the Amplification and Sequencing of Mitochondrial DNA.- The Development and Evaluation of New Genetic Markers for the Application of PCR to Forensic Casework.- Investigations to Improve Allele Definition in the “Collagen 2A1” System (AMP-FLP).- Automated Analysis of Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms for DNA Typing.- Sex Identification of Forensic Samples Using PCR Analysis for the Presence of Y-Chromosome Specific DNA Sequences.- Automation of DNA Profiling by Fluorescent Labelling of PCR Products.- PCR Typing Including High Resolution Gel Electrophoresis Reveals new Alleles in the COL2Al VNTR.- The Usefulness of Chelating Resins for DNA Extraction from Forensic Material Prior to PCR Amplification.- The Isolation of DNA for Forensic PCR Analysis. An Evaluation of Available Methodologies.- Detection of Three Different VNTR’s by DNA-Amplification.- Validation of the Use DNA Amplification for the Analysis of Forensic Samples by Comparison with Tests Using Non-Amplified DNA Polymorphisms.- Investigations on the Forensic application of 4 AMPFLP systems.- SDS-PAGE Typing of HLA-DQA1 and pMCT118 after PCR Amplification.- Gene frequencies of APOB alleles in a sample of random Italian individuals (Central and Southern Italy).- Study of the HLA DQ? polymorphism in the population of Catalonia (Spain).- Use of PCR for Forensic Analysis of DNA from Formaldehyde fixed and Paraffin embedded Human Tissues.- Comparison of Population data using 3 AMPFLP systems.- The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Study of Locus pMCT118 and Its Application in Forensic Biology.- DNA typing from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.- HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DPB1 gene polymorphisms in the Japanese populations.- The Study of apoB Locus Apm-FLP and Its Application in Forensic Sciences.- Application of HLA-class II Genotyping by the Modified PCR-RFLP Method to the Forensic Science.- Simultaneous DNA analysis of HLA-DPB and -DQB loci from single hairs: a criminal case report.- Sex Determination by Genomic Dot Blot Hybridization and HLA DQ? Typing by PCR from Fixed Tissues.- HLA DQ? Typing of Human Fingernails.- Identification of Fire Victims by Using DNA Amplification (PCR).- Polymerase Chain Reaction: Typing of DNA Isolated from Various Forms of Biological Evidence.- Analysis of D1S80 (pMCT 118) Locus Polymorphism in an Italian Population Sample by the Polymerase Chain Reaction.- Sex determination in bloodstains and single hairs.- Analysis of forensic stains via PCR amplification of polymorphic simple (gata)n repeats.- Species identification by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.- DNA (RFLP, VNTR) Systems.- Paternity Investigations Based on DNA-Analysis Only.- Achievement of Interlaboratory Uniformity — A Summary of Work Carried out by the EDNAP Group.- Cloning and Characterisation of Novel Single Locus Probes for Forensic Purposes.- The Use of a Chemiluminescent Detection System for Paternity and Forensic Testing. Verification of the Reliability of the Oligonucleotide-Probes Used for Genetic Analysis.- A Multi-locus Probe for Human DNA Fingerprinting Based on chi-like Sequences.- The Effects of Using Different Molecular Weight Markers in DNA Profiling.- Influence of Agarose Concentration and Electric Field Strength on the Separation of DNA-Fragments During Electrophoresis.- Size Calculations of Restriction Fragments: Comparison Between Two Laboratories.- Matching Criteria for Paternity Testing with VNTR Systems.- Computer-Aided Fragment Size Determination of Single Locus DNA Probes.- Chemiluminescent detection of single locus and multilocus hybridization patterns.- Precision and Accuracy in the Analysis of VNTR Polymorphisms for Paternity Testing.- A Simple Method to Prevent Inhibition of Taq Polymerase and Hinfi Restriction Enzyme in DNA Analysis of Stain Material.- Optimal Size Calling Methods for Electrophoretic Analysis Utilizing Internal Size Standards.- Extraction of DNA from Coagulated Blood Samples.- Investigation of variation in fragment size determinations found when using single locus DNA probes.- Optimization of the Digoxigenin/Chemiluminescence Method for the VNTR Detection.- Paternity Analysis Using the Multilocus DNA Probe MZ 1.3.- Analysis of Australian, Black, Caucasian, Chinese and Amerindian Populations with Hypervariable DNA Loci.- The Application of DNA-Polymorphisms in Paternity Testing.- Allele Frequency in the Population of Spain Using Several Single Locus Probes.- DNA Fingerprints of Families from Bejsce/South-East Poland.- Paternity Testing with Five VNTR Systems in Danes.- Comparison of Population Genetics of the Single Locus Probes pS194 and pL427-4.- Comparison of Minisatellite DNA Probes and Blood Group, Protein, and Enzyme Markers in Paternity Cases.- Allele frequency distribution of two VNTR polymorphisms (YNH24/ D2S44; Alpha globin 3?HVR/D16) in Italy.- DNA-Profiling with pHINS310, pMUC7, pMR24/1, pYNH24 and pMS43a for Paternity Testing.- Frequency Databases for the DNA Probes MS1, MS31, MS43A, and YNH24, Derived from Caucasians, and Afro-Caribbeans in the London Area.- An Evaluation of Single Locus Probes in Casework.- On DNA typing of hard tissues.- Use of the Minisatellite Probe MZ 1.3 for Identification and Relation of Dismembered Corpses.- RFLP in Conjunction with Anatomical Traits in Individualisation of Bone.- Application of DNA Fingerprinting to Problematical Paternity Cases.- Application of conventional polymorphisms and single locus DNA probes in cases of disputed paternity.- MS1, MS31 and MS43A Single Locus Probes: A Preliminarystudy in the Basque Population and its Application in Paternity Testing.- DNA Fingerprinting with Probes 33.15 and 33.6 in Population from the Basque Country.- Casuistic: The Use of DNA-Fingerprinting in Cases of Affiliation Without Mother.- Results of DNA Analysis from Six Forensic Science Laboratories in Germany.- Allele Frequencies for Five Different Single Locus Probes in a Population of South-West Germany.- Distribution of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) DNA polymorphism at D2S44 locus in Tuscany (Italy).- Experiences with Six Single Locus Probes in Paternity Testing.- Detection of DNA polymorphisms by using ? satellite probes: Application to the forensic identification.- Population genetic studies of six hypervariable DNA-Loci.- Minisatellite DNA Probe MZ1.3: Band Sharing Rates among Siblings and the Part of Informative Bands among Children.- DNA Fingerprinting in Paternity Testing in Lithuania.- DNA typing in forensic casework in Norway: strategies and experiences.- Determination of Incest in Forensic Casework Using Multi-locus DNA Profiling.- Biostatistics and Databases.- The Robustness of Models for Evaluating Patterns of DNA Multi-Locus Probes.- Comparison of Different Methods for the Calculation of Indices of Paternity.- How to Deal with Mutations in DNA-Testing.- The Relationship of the HLA Phenotype Frequency of the Alleged Father to the Resulting Paternity Index in Caucasian Non-Exclusion Paternity Cases.- DNASYS: A User-Friendly Computer Program for Evaluating Single Locus Probe Data in Forensic Casework.- Series Sexual Crimes Identified by a DNA Computerised Database.- Experiences with a Computerised Database of DNA Profiles in Forensic Casework.- Conventional Systems.- Genetic and Molecular Aspects of the Human Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Polymorphism.- A de novo Mutation in the Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Gene detected in a Case of disputed Paternity by DNA Sequence Analysis.- Isoelectric Focusing of Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor (ITI).- Human ZN-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein Phenotyping in Several Populations.- Comparative Typing of Orosomucoid Variants and Proposal for a New Nomenclature.- Intragenic Recombination within the Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Locus.- Blotting Techniques for the Detection of Protein Polymorphisms in Stains.- Two-Dimensional Isoelectric Focusing Analysis of Rare and Silent Esterase D Types. Description of a New ESD Variant Phenotype.- A Simple Technique for the Determination of GGTP Types.- New Variation in Low-Sulfur Keratins Detected by Hybrid Isoelectric Focusing (HIEF).- The Influence of Infused Erythrocytes on the Detection of Individual Membrane-, Enzyme- and DNA- Systems.- Serum Protein Typing/-Subtyping by IEF in PAG.- Dot Blot Immunoassay for Detection of HLA Antigens in Forensic Stains.- The use of microtiter techniques for the determination of red blood cell phenotypes in paternity testing.- Du detection by an automated direct agglutination method that equals detection by indirect antiglobulin test.- Absorption-Elution Test for ABO-Determination of Secretor and Nonsecretor Saliva Stains.- Determination of ORM Phenotypes using gels PRECOTES 4–6R and PhastSystem™.- Fast Determination of TF Phenotypes Using Minigel Gradient 4–6.5 Modificated.- The Use of Microtiter Plates and the Apparatus Dynatech for Automation of the Routine Determination of ABO-Group from Body Fluids (or Stains) and Hair.- PI, C2, GC, ATIII, PLG Typing in Bloodstains by Hybrid Isoelectric Focusing (HIEF).- Parentage Testing Using DBP Subtyping in South African (SA) Populations.- Iso-Electric Focusing Study of Serum Proteins (GC, TF, PI and ORM) in Four Endogamous Groups of Maharashtra, Western India: Application in Paternity Testing.- PGM1 System: A Rare Allele and an Intragenic Recombination in Two Cases of Disputed Paternity.- Genetic markers (HP, TF, GC and PI) in two Polish population samples Preliminary report.- Haptoglobin Subtypes in Lower Saxony (Germany).- C4 Phenotype and Gene Distribution in a Population of Eastern Lombardy (Italy).- Distribution of Transferrin (Tf), Red Cell Acid Phosphatase (EAP), Esterase D (EsD) and Group Specific Component (Gc) Phenotypes in China.- Null and Rare Alleles in Paternity Testing.- Comparative Subtyping of ACP-1, PGM-1 and ESD in Human Placenta and Cord Blood by Isoelectric Focusing: Practical Considerations of Forensic Significance.- Distribution of Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) Phenotypes in a Series of HIV-Seropositive Patients.- Determination of C1R Types in Bloodstains.- Coagulation Factor XIIIB Phenotyping in a Japanese Population and in Bloodstains.- Formal Genetic Data on ORM1 Subtypes.- Species identification from tissue particles using lectin- and immuno-histochemical methods.- Polymorphism of Plasminogen in Sardinia (Italy).- Haptaglobin Subtypes in a Population from South West Germany.- Plasma Protein Polymorphism in HIV-Seropositive Patients: GC- and TF*C-Subtypes and PI-System.- Determination Of PGM, EsD, GLO (1) and EAP Polymorphs from Human Dental Pulp.- Haptoglobin Subtyping by Polyacrylamide Gel Isoelectric Focusing of Serum, Hemolyzed Blood and Bloodstains.- Detection of Blood Group H Antigens of Red Cells, Blood and Saliva Stains, and Hairs by Anti-H Reagents.- Evaluation of Sperm Specific Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme C4 (LDH C4). Application to Semen Detection in Stains.- PGM1 Subtyping by Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) in Parentage Testing in South African (SA) Populations.- Orosomucoid (ORM) Phenotyping by Isoelectric Focusing in Immobilized pH-Gradient Followed by Immunoblotting.- ABO Blood Grouping and Species Identification of Bloodstains by Sandwich ELISA Using Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Human Erythrocyte Band 3.- Monoclonal Antibodies to Blood Group Substances in Vaginal Secretions.- Gc in Human Saliva Stains.- Immunoblotting and Immunofixation Techniques for Subtyping Gc in Old Bloodstains and Semen Stains.- Old Bloodstain and Semen stain Characterization in the Transferrin Typing System Using Minigels and PhastSystem.