Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

ISBN-13: 9781461398769 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 1178 str.

K. D. Timmerhaus; R. W. Fast; Richard Reed

Opis

The 1987 joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference was held at the Pheasant Run Resort, St. Charles, lliinois from June 14 to 18. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, located a few kilometers from Pheasant Run, was the host for this conference. There is a great deal of cryogenic research and development underway at Fermilab and many applications of cryogenic materials and systems are in rou tine, daily use at the Tevatron. The technical program for the joint conference had over 300 invited and contributed papers from many different countries. The CEC board and I have tried to dramatically shorten the publication time of this volume of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. In order to help meet the goal of the February publication, I asked the reviewers to complete their reviews before leaving Pheasant Run, after the conference. I would like to thank all of the reviewers for their prompt and throughtful reviews. I very much appreciate the authors following the prescribed format and responding quickly to my requests for revisions."

Spis treści

Applications of Superconductivity—Magnets.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 1987.- The Past, Present and Future of MRI Superconducting Magnet Development.- Dynamic Processes in String of Full Scale Superconducting Magnets with Field 5 T.- Design of a Strongly Curved Superconducting Bending Magnet for a Compact Synchrotron Light Source.- Testing of a 3 Tesla Superconducting Magnet for for the Amy Detector at Tristan.- Superconducting Magnets for Fusion Applications.- An Industrial Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separator.- 13.4 T Generation by Superfluid Cooling.- The Potential Impact of Developing High TC Superconductors on Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).- Applications of Superconductivity—Electronics, Rectifiers.- Superconductivity: The Ultimate Electronic Technology.- Cryogenic Requirements for Medical Instrumentation.- Instrumentation for Clinical Applications of Neuromagnetism.- High-Resolution Measurements of Biomagnetic Fields.- Efficiency Aspects in Superconducting Rectifiers.- Applications of Superconductivity—Magnet Stability, Coil Protection.- Effect of Epoxy Cracking on Stability of Impregnated Windings Related to Thermal and Mechanical Properties.- Local Temperature Rise after Quench due to Epoxy Cracking in Impregnated Superconducting Windings.- Helium Pressure Rise of Superconducting Super Collider Dipole Magnets Following a Quench.- Modeling of Proximity Coupling between Superconducting Filaments in Superconducting Dipole Magnets.- AC Loss and Stability of a Force-Cooled Superconducting Coil with a Bias Pulsed Superconducting Magnet.- Quench Detection by Fluid Dynamic Means in Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors.- Thermal Analysis of the Forced Cooled Conductor for the TF Superconducting Coils in the Tiber II ETR Design.- Simulation of Nonstationary Thermal Regimes in Cryogenic Loops for Tokamak-15 Electromagnets.- The Transient Stability of Large Scale Superconductors Cooled in Superfluid Helium.- Evolution of Normal Zones and Temperature in a Superconductor Cooled Internally with Helium-II.- Protection System for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).- Applications of Superconductivity—Cryogenic Techniques.- The Twente High-Current Conductor Test Facility, First Results on Critical Current and Propagation in Two Cables.- Short Sample Critical Current Measurements Using a Superconducting Transformer.- SSC Magnet Cryostat Suspension System Design.- Improved Design for a SSC Coil Assembly Suspension Connection.- Cryogenic Support Thermal Performance Measurements.- SSC Dipole Magnet Cryostat Thermal Model Measurement Results.- Operating Experience of the IFSMTF Vapor-Cooled Lead System.- Operation of Liquid Helium Level Sensors at Elevated Pressures.- Design and Testing of Electrical Insulation for Superconducting Coils.- Quench Detection of Superconducting Magnet by Dual-Core Optical Fiber.- Insulation.- Theory and Technique for Reducing the Effect of Cracks in Multilayer Insulation from Room Temperature to 77 K.- Crack Covering Patch Technique to Reduce the Heat Flux from 77 K to 4.2 K through Multilayer Insulation.- Systematic Analysis of Characteristics for Different Types of Multilayer Insulations.- Test of Multilayer Insulations for the Use in the Superconducting Proton-Ring of Hera.- Thermal Performance of Candidate SSC Magnet Thermal Insulation Systems.- Prototype of a Semiflexible Multi-Layer Insulated Enclosure for Cryogenic Power Cables and Pipelines.- Design, Development, and Test of Shuttle/Centaur G-Prime Cryogenic Tankage Thermal Protection Systems.- Heat Transfer to Liquid Helium and Nitrogen, Flow Regimes.- Sound Induced Enhancement of Heat Transfer from a Solid into Liquid Helium.- Film Boiling to a Plate Facing Downward.- Angular Dependence of Boiling Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Liquid Nitrogen.- Boiling on a Cryogenically Cooled Pulsed Conductor.- New Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Design Data for Perforated Plate Heat Exchangers.- An Investigation into Flow Regimes for Two-Phase Helium Flow.- Heat and Mass Transfer in He II, Superfluid Pumps.- Metastable Heat Flow Phenomena and Drooping Pressure Differences He II Using Multiple Channel Configurations.- Heat Transport Properties of Pressurized and Saturated He II in the Vicinity of T?.- Application of a Square Function Heat Pulse to Forced Flow He II.- Noiseless Film Boiling in Superfluid Helium on a Heated Thin (32 ?m) Wire.- Turbulent Transport of He II in Active and Passive Phase Separators Using Slit Devices and Porous Media.- Observation of Two-Phase Helium Flows in a Horizontal Pipe.- Pressure Drop and Temperature Rise in He II Flow in Round Tubes, Venturi Flowmeters and Valves.- The Design of Fountain Effect Pumps.- Operating Characteristics of Isocaloric Fountain-Effect Pumps.- Operational Characteristics of Loops with Helium II Flow Driven by Fountain Effect Pumps.- Performance Test of a Laboratory Pump for Liquid Transfer Based on the Fountain Effect.- Lab Tests of a Thermomechanical Pump for Shoot.- Experiments on Transferring Helium II with a Thermomechanical Pump.- Characterzation of a Centrifugal Pump in He II.- Performance of a Small Centrifugal Pump in He I and He II.- Pump Performance Requirement for the Liquid Helium Orbital Resupply Tanker.- Refrigeration for Superconducting Systems.- Cryogenic Characteristics of the Topaz Thin Superconducting Solenoid.- Pressure Drop in Forced Two Phase Cooling of the Large Thin Superconducting Solenoid.- Cryogenic System of a 3 Tesla Superconducting Solenoid for the Amy Particle Detector at Tristan.- Performance Test of the Hera 3 × 6500 W Helium Refrigeration Plant.- Cryogenic Experience at the Hera Magnet Measurement Facility.- Cryogenic Testing at the SSC String Test Facility.- The Mirror Fusion Test Facility Cryogenic System—Performance, Management Approach, and Present Equipment Status.- The Tore Supra 300 W—1.75 K Refrigerator Report.- System Design and Verification Test Results of Cryogenic System for Demonstration Poloidal Coil.- Cryopump of the Neutral Beam Injector for Jippt-IIU.- Cryogenic System for Tristan Superconducting RF Cavity.- Cebaf’s Cryogenic System.- Design Concepts for the Astromag Cryogenic System.- A Cryogenic System for Fusion Neutron Irradiation and in-Situ Measurements on Superconductors.- Cold Compressors.- Cold Compression of Helium for Refrigeration below 4 K.- Tests of Cold Helium Compressors at Fermilab.- Operating Experiences and Test Results of Six Cold Helium Compressors.- The 300 W—1.75 K Tore Supra Refrigerator Cold Centrifugal Compressors Report.- Refrigeration and Liquefaction; Dilution Refrigerators.- Refrigeration for Electronics: Summary of a Panel Session.- 4 K Gifford MC Mahon/Joule-Thomson Cycle Refrigerators.- An Investigation into the Mechanics of Joule-Thomson Valve Plug Formation.- Low-Cost, Compact Dilution Refrigerator: Operation From 200 to 20 mK.- Control of the Interface Between 3He-Rich and4He-Rich Phases Using Electric Fields.- Magnetic Refrigeration; Materials for Magnetic Refrigeration.- Magnetic Refrigeration: A Review of a Developing Technology.- Recent Progress in Magnetic Refrigeration Studies.- An Ericsson Magnetic Refrigerator for Low Temperature.- Analysis of Magnetic Refrigeration with External Regeneration.- Rotary Recuperative Magnetic Heat Pump.- Optimal Temperature-Entropy Curves for Magnetic Refrigeration.- The Magnetocaloric Effect of Some Rare Earth Metals.- Preparation and Fabrication of Rare Earth Magnetic Materials.- Measured Properties of GdNi for Magnetic Refrigeration Applications.- Cryocoolers; Refrigeration for Space Applications.- Current Developments in NASA Cryogenic Cooler Technology.- High Pressure Ratio Cryocooler with Integral Expander and Heat Exchanger.- Development of a Space Qualified Surface Tension Confined Liquid Cryogen Cooler (STCLCC).- Small Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers.- Small Vuilleumier Cooler.- Small Scale Free Displacer Stirling Cryocooler.- Development and Experimental Test of an Analytical Model of the Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator.- Pulse Tube with Axial Curvature.- Sorption Cryogenic Refrigeration—Status and Future.- New Design of an Adiabatic Demagnetization Cryostat for Space Application.- Cryogenic Applications—Space Science and Technology.- Bayonet for Superfluid Helium Transfer in Space.- The Superfluid Helium on-Orbit Transfer (Shoot) Flight Experiment.- Cryogenic and Thermal Design for the Superfluid Helium on-Orbit Transfer (Shoot) Experiment.- Acquisition System Testing with Superfluid Helium.- Direct Liquid Content Measurement Applicable for He II Space Cryostats.- Thermal Performance of the Cosmic Background Explorer Superfluid Helium Dewar, as Built and with an Improved Support System.- Design and Test of a Modified Passive Orbital Disconnect Strut (Pods-IV).- Unique Cryogenic Features of the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) Experiment.- An Adiabatic Demagnetization Cooled Bolometer System.- Commercial Cryogenic Plants.- Expansion Turbines and Refrigeration for Gas Separation and Liquefaction.- Nitrogen Production for Eor.- Recovery of Valuable Hydrocarbons Using Dephlegmator Technology.- Optimization of the Operation of a Gas Terminal.- Properties of Cryogenic Fluids.- New Measurements of the Tensile Strength of Liquid 4He.- Simultaneous Pressure and Temperature Measurements on Helium in the High Speed Rotating Frame.- Helium Adsorption on Activated Carbons at Temperatures between 4 and 76 K+.- High Pressure Adsorption Isotherms of Helium on Activated Charcoal.- Temperature Dependence of the Cohesion Parameter for Calculating Binary VLE Values for Systems Containing Helium and Neon.- Evidence of Unreliability of Factory Analyses of Argon Impurity in Oxygen.- A New Square-Root-Type Pseudo-Cubic Equation of State.- Cryogenic Instrumentation and Data Acquisition; Control Systems.- Review of Instrumentation for Superconducting Magnets.- Cryogenic Instrumentation of an SSC Magnet Test Stand.- Behavior of Turbine and Venturi Flowmeters in Superfluid Helium.- Sonic Standing Wave Gas Density Monitor.- An Electronic Balance for Weighing Foams at Cryogenic Temperatures.- Electro-Optic Sampler for Characterization of Devices in a Cryogenic Environment.- Control System for Helium Refrigerators of Tristan Detector Magnets.- Experience with a Process Control System for Large Scale Cryogenic Systems.- Miscellaneous Cryogenic Applications and Techniques.- Cryogenic Design of the D-Zero Liquid Argon Collider Calorimeter.- Cryogenic Pulsed Power Transformers.- Aerospace Generators Using High-Purity Cryogenic Aluminum Rotor Conductor.- Low Loss Liquid Helium Transfer System, Using a High Performance Centrifugal Pump and Cold Gas Exchange.- A Miniature Cryogenic High Vacuum Valve.- Test and Study for a Small-Sized Environmental Simulator of Space Radiant Coolers.- A Cryogenic Source of Polarized Deuterons.- Indexes.- Author Index.