Acute Leukemias IV: Prognostic Factors and Treatment Strategies

ISBN-13: 9783642783524 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 803 str.

T. Buchner; W. Hiddemann; B. Wormann

Opis

The rates of acute leukemia cure have gradually improved over the last decade. Clinical study results reflect the impact of chemotherapy intensity and duration, the role of prolonged maintenance, intensified consolidation or very early intensification. Further progress has also been achieved in bone marrow trans plantation, and recent prospective studies and meta-analyses have contributed comparisons of the high antileukemic efficacy of bone marrow transplantation to that of improved chemotherapy. This allows a more successful combining of the two forms of treatment. New prognostic factors have emerged from both cytogenetic and molecular genetic research. Thus, the Philadelphia chromosome translocation and the bcr/abl gene rearrangement have proven to be the dominating risk factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since the frequency increases with age, differences in prognosis between children and adults can be explained. Evaluation of molecular and immunologic leukemia cell markers has provided a better understanding of residual leukemia in clinical remission, as a prognostic factor and in monitoring the effectiveness of the antileukemic strategy. Recent work on leukemic cell biology has resulted in novel therapeutic approaches such as terminal differentiation by all-trans-retinoic acid, modulation of chemotherapy by hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and enhancement of immunologic control by cytokines such as interleukin 2. New antimicrobial drugs and the application of mostly empiric anti-infectious strategies have helped reducing the therapeutic risk. Thus, a number of recent achievements have provided us with new options in the management of patients with acute leukemias."

Spis treści

The Treatment of Acute Leukemia: Observations by a Marrow Transplanter.- Leukemia Cell Biology.- Polymerase Chain Reaction Approach for the Evaluation of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Leukemia.- Two Subtypes of Therapy-Related Leukemia; Experience from The Copenhagen Series.- Incidence, Biologic Features and Treatment Outcome of Myeloid-Antigen-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (My + ALL).- In Situ Amplification of Rearranged Gene Sequences in Individual Cells for Tracing Clonal Cells in Smears from Blood and Bone Marrow.- Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities on Previously Stained Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Smears.- Interphase Cytogenetics of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using a Panel of Eight Chromosome-Specific DNA Probes.- Identification and Characterization of Monoclonal Lymphoid Populations by Analysis of Complementary RNA of Clone-specific DNA Sequences.- Differences in Immunoglobulin and T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement Patterns in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Between Diagnosis and Relapse.- Characterization of Clonal Gene Rearrangements for the Detection of Residual Leukemic Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Analysis of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Reveals Differences Between Leukemic Cells and Remission Phase Leukocytes.- The tal-1 Gene Rearrangement in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Significance of Lineage-Associated Transcripts of TdT and ETS1 for Detection of Leukemic Cells.- Mutations of the P53 Gene in Acute Leukemias: A Report on 207 Cases.- Regulation of the Expression of ICAM-1 on Pre-B Cell Lines by TNF-? and IFN-?.- Modulation of Adhesion Molecules in Patients with AML During Immunotherapy with IL-2.- Frequency of Aberrant Surface Marker Expression in 221 Cases of Adult Acute Leukemia: An Immunologic/Cytogenetic Analysis.- Elevated Plasma Neuropeptide Y as a Marker of B Cell Precursor Leukemia in Children.- Clinical Applications of Stromal Cell Studies in Acute Leukemia.- Effects of TNF? on AML Cells Determined by Flow Cytometric Technique Based on Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation.- In Vitro Isolation of Human Cytotoxic Clones Specific for Autologous Leukemic Blasts.- Lymphocyte Subsets and IL-1 Production in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia During Intensive Chemo- and Radiotherapy.- Novel Therapeutic Approaches.- Treatment Strategy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Using All Trans Retinoic Acid.- Modulation of Ara-C Metabolism by Fludarabine: Therapy for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia.- GM-CSF in Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed AML: Multiple Course Priming and Longterm Administration Compared to Chemotherapy Alone.- Etoposide: Update of Clinical Experiences.- Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Etoposide Therapy — A Review.- Clinical Pharmacokinetics of VP-16 — Special Aspects in Children.- DEXA-BEAM Salvage Chemotherapy and High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Hodgkin’s Disease.- Chronic Etoposide Schedules in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.- Etoposide (VP-16) Disposition in Children with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia.- Myeloablative Regimens Containing High Dose Etoposide Followed by Allogeneic or Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies.- Hematopoietic Growth Factors: New Aspects for Leukemia Treatment.- Effects on Ara-C Cytotoxicity for AML Colony Forming Cells By Priming With rhGM-CSF and rhIL-3 In Vitro and In Vivo.- Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Treatment Indication and Choice of Therapy.- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Lymphoid Malignancies: The Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors.- Mitoxantrone: Impact on the Treatment of Leukemias and Lymphomas.- Long-Term Results on Mitoxantrone Treatment in Patients with Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.- Comparison of Prednimustine/Mitoxantrone (PmM) and Cyclophosphamide/Vincristine/Prednisolone (COP) in Patients with Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Followed by Interferon ? Maintenance.- Mitoxantrone, Etoposide and Cytarabine in the Treatment of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML).- Mitoxantrone Pharmacokinetics.- Improving the Remission Quality in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) by Increasing Cytoreduction During Induction Therapy.- Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory AML with Mitoxantrone and Etoposide: A Study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.- Pharmacokinetics.- Vitamin A Does Not Enhance the Antileukemic Effect of Vincristine, Daunorubicin, and 6-Thioguanine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells.- Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by R-Verapamil.- Multidrug Resistance in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Leukemia.- Combinations of Cytostatic Drugs with Calcium/Calmodulin Antagonists for Reversal of Multidrug Resistance.- Modulation of Intracellular Ara-C Metabolism in AML Blasts by GM-CSF.- Clinical Relevance of the Influence of Etoposide on Ara-CTP Formation in Leukemic Blast Cells.- Resistance to Cytosine Arabinoside: Are Mutations in CTP Synthetase an Important Mechanism?.- Inhibitory Effect of 2?,2? -Difluorodeoxycytidine on Cytidine 5?-Triphosphate Synthetase.- Antileukemic Activity In Vitro of Mitoxantrone and Anthracyclines in Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Non-Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Differences in Cellular Drug Resistance, with Emphasis on Glucocorticoids — A Pilot Study.- Cytostatic Drug Resistance in Childhood Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Comparison of Vincristine Pharmacokinetics in Children and Adults.- Molecular Pathways of Topoisomerase II Regulation and Consequences for Chemotherapy.- ALL in Children.- Current Treatment and Results of St. Jude Studies for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Central Nervous System Prophylaxis with High Dose Methotrexate, A Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Study: Results of Protocol FRALLE 89.- Clinical Relevance of Chromosomal Aberrations in Childhood ALL: Cytogenetic Data of the German Therapy Studies.- Overview of Dana Farber Cancer Institute-Consortium Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Protocols: 1973–1992.- Results with Randomized BFM Adopted Studies for ALL Therapy in Childhood in East German Countries.- Dose Intensity and Prognosis in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia of Childhood.- Intensive Chemotherapy for Acute Leukaemias (AL) in Childhood with BFM Protocols. Moscow Experiences 1990–1992. First Successes and Failures.- Improved Prognosis in ALL with Modified BFM Protocols-Preliminary Results from Turkey.- Long-Term Follow-Up of a Pilot Study of Intermittent Intensive Continuation Therapy (HL-3 Protocol) for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Successful Central Nervous System Prophylaxis Without Radiotherapy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); Israel National Studies (INS 1984,1989).- Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor After Intensive Consolidation Therapy on Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.- R-metHug-CSF Combined with Chemotherapy for Treatment of Adult ALL — Pilot Study.- Chemotherapy for Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of the BFM Study Group.- The Proliferative Activity of Blastic Cells in Acid-Phosphatase Positive Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).- Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Course of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.- Effect of Chemotherapy on Bone Marrow Granulocyte — Macrophage and Stormal Precursors in Children with ALL.- Influence of Corticosteroids on Coagulation Factors.- FAB Morphology and Prognosis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).- PCR as a Diagnostic Tool in ALL: A Comparison Between Cytogenetic and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Prognostic Value of Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl-Transferase in Childhood Leukemia.- ALL in Adults.- Cytogenetic Findings in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Cancer and Leukemia Group B Studies in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia — Results of the French AALL 87 Protocol with Different Strategies of Postremission Therapy.- Therapy of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Preliminary Results of the GIMEMA ALL/0288 Study.- High-Dose Cytosine Arabinoside in the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.- Myeloid Surface Antigen Expression in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.- Efficacy of an Original Cell Kinetics Based Chemotherapy Regimen Using rHU GM-CSF for Induction and Consolidation Treatment of ALL. Preliminary Analysis.- Is Early Response to Chemotherapy a Useful Prognostic Factor in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?.- Analysis of BCR — ABL Rearrangement by PCR in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Report on 28 Cases.- AML in Children.- Preliminary Results of AML Therapy in Children Using Targeted Plasma Concentrations of Cytosine Arabinoside and Etoposide.- Early Intensive Chemotherapy for Children with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: The Pediatric Oncology Group Experience (1981–1991).- Cranial Irradiation is Essential in the Treatment of Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Results of Study AML-BFM-87.- Children’s Cancer Group Transplant Trials for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: ACross-Study Analysis of CCG-251, CCG-213, CCG-2861, and CCG-2891.- Six Months of Intensive Chemotherapy for Childhood ANLL: Preliminary Results of the Study ANLL-87 of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group.- Multidrug Resistance Reversal Utilizing Mitoxantrone, Etoposide and Continuous Infusion Cyclosporine in Pediatric ANLL.- Therapy of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Childhood — Results of the Multicenter Trial AML II/87 in East Germany.- Second Remission in Relapsed Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia After Pretreatment with the AML-BFM83 Protocol.- Measles Giant Cell Pneumonia in Two Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.- AML in Adults.- Chemotherapy Intensity and Long-Term Outcome in AML.- Clinical Aspects of Acute Myelogenous Leukemias of the FAB-Types M3 and M4Eo.- Randomized Study of Intensive Individualized Induction Therapy With or Without Vincristine and of Maintenance/Intensification Therapy in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia.- Recruitment of Leukemia with Combined Granulocyte-Macrophage and Host Stimulatory Factors.- Clinical Trials in Adults with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Experience of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Acute Leukemia with Edelfosine Purged Marrow.- Prospective Study on the Clinical Relevance of Residual Disease in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Complete Remission.- Results of AML Treatment.- AML in the Elderly.- A Multicenter Trial Randomizing Fractionated Aclacinomycin and Cytarabine with or without Etoposide versus “3 + 7” for Primary AML.- A 12-Year Follow-Up of 101 Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated in Two Studies.- Idarubicin/Cytosine Arabinoside and Mitoxantrone/Etoposide with rhGM-CSF Priming for De Novo Acute Myelogenous Leukemia.- GM-CSF in a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Therapy of Adult Patients with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia.- Significance of Prognostic Factors During an Idarubicin-Containing Regimen in Adult AML.- Myelodysplastic Remission in De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Implications for Early Relapse and Putative Monoclonal Remission.- Cytogenetic Findings Delineating Karyotypic Instability in Erythroleukemia Correlated with Bad Prognosis.- Presence of inv(16) May Be One of the Only “Favorable” Prognostic Factors in AML: A Report on 16 Cases.- ALL Transretinoic Acid Followed by Intensive Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Pilot Study on 27 Cases.- Therapy-Related Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Report on 16 Cases.- Monosymptomatic Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Confined to the Skin.- MDS/Secondary AML.- Cytogenetics of Acute Leukemia Following MDS.- Thymidine Kinase Activity in Bone Marrow Cells as Basis for Rational Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes.- Descriptive Epidemiology of Myelodysplastic Syndromes.- Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Response to Aggressive Chemotherapy and Prognostic Factors for Treatment Outcome.- Sequential Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Human Erythropoietin for Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes.- Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Failing Conventional Therapy.- Allogeneic Marrow Transplants in the Acute Leukemias.- Influence of Growth Suppression of Intestinal Bacteria on the Risk of Acute Graft vs Host Disease After Sibling Marrow Transplantation.- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia in Europe: The Role of Marrow Purging.- IBMTR Analyses of Results of Bone Marrow Transplantation in Acute Leukemia.- Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with AML in First Complete Remission: Prognostic Factors for Survival?.- Comparison of High-Dose Busulfan and Total Body Irradiation Prior to Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Graft Rejection After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: The Impact of T Cells, Graft-Versus-Host Reaction and Marrow Cell Number.- Continuous Intravenous Pentoxifylline in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: First Results of a Pilot Study.- Autologous Transplantation with Mafosfamide-Purged Bone Marrow for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in First and Second Complete Remission.- Graft-Versus Leukemia Activity in Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation: The Impact of Natural Killer Cells and Graft-Versus-Host Disease.- Fractionated Total Body Irradiation or Busulfan in Combination with Etoposide and Cyclophosphamide as Conditioning Regimen for Bone Marrow Transplantation in Acute Leukemias in Children.- Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation After Identical High-Dose Chemo-Radiotherapy in Children with Relapsed ALL.- Bone Marrow Transplantation from an Unrelated Donor: Experiences in Children.- Successful Adoptive Immunotransfers in a Boy with Relapse of T-ALL After Bone Marrow Transplantation from an Unrelated Donor.- Fluoroquinolones for Infection Prevention After Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Prevention and Treatment of Infections.- New Drugs for the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia.- Prevention of Bacterial Infection in Patients with Profound Granulocytopenia: Experience of the Institute Jules Bordet.- Interventional Antimicrobial Strategy for the Management of Infections in Neutropenic Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Results of a Multi-Center Randomized Comparison of Antimicrobial Regiments.- Treatment of Fungal Infections.- Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Studies with Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.- Inhalation of Amphotericin B for Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections During Intensive Leukemia Therapy.- Infection.- Inhalation of Amphotericin B for Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections During Intensive Leukemia Therapy.- The Frequency of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Acute Leukemia Types According to FAB Classification.- Once Daily Dosing of Netilmicin in the Empirical Treatment of Fever in the Neutropenic Patient.- Interventional Treatment of Unexplained Fever (FUO) and Documented Infections in Neutropenic Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Fluconazole vs Amphotericin B/5-Flucytosine.- Invasive Aspergillosis During Chemotherapy in Children.- Liposomal Amphotericin B (Ambisome) in Patients with Severe Neutropenia and Antibiotic Resistant Fever.- Efficacy of Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) in Neutropenic Patients with Fungal Infections.- Differential Cell Count and Lymphocyte Subsets of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Severe Granulocytopenia.- Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children with Blood Malignancies and Aplastic Anemias.- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Viridans Streptococci and Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli.

O autorze

After Acute Leukemias - Pharmakokinetics and Management of Relapsed and Refractory Disease - this volume again turns to clinical trials, first line treatment and primary characterization of acute leukemias. It is a result of the world-wide activities in clinical and laboratory research in this area and represents the state of the art in characterization and treatment of acute leukemias.