Local Tax Benefits at a Distance: Japan's Hometown Tax Donation Payment

ISBN-13: 9789811651373 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 100 str.

Takaaki Hoda; Richard B. Dasher

Spis treści

1         Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives   In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society

1.1        Shifting from Regional “Administration” to “Management”

1.2        Why Is Regional Revitalization Difficult?

1.3        High-Risk Funds Previously Limited in Regions

1.4        The Emergence of New Alternative Financing Methods (Social Finance)

    References

 

2         Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society

2.1        Overview of Hometown Tax Donation

2.1.1     Backdrop and History Behind the Creation of Hometown Tax Donation

2.1.2     Virtual Transfer of a Portion of Tax Between Regions

2.1.3     Dispute Between Rural Areas Receiving Benefits and Urban Areas Facing Revenue Outflow

2.1.4     “Gifts” in Hometown Tax Donation: A Core Driver of Regional Revitalization (The Focus of this Book)

2.2        Paradigm Shift in Municipal Administration: From “Administration” to “Management”

2.2.1     A Framework Where Funds Are Secured Through Excellent Marketing

2.2.2     Difficulty in Marketing, Specific to Municipalities

2.2.3     Future Investment—Uncharted Land for Municipalities

2.2.4     Who Are Municipalities’ Customers in Present Times?

2.3        Institutional Issues Involved in Hometown Tax Donation: Total and Partial Optimization

2.4        Various Discussions Regarding Hometown Tax Donations

    References

 

3         Effects of Fostering Local Businesses and Measures for Enhancing Business Capabilities: Case studies -Based on Case studies on Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers

3.1         Conventional SME Policies Centered on Subsidies and Grants

3.1.1     Current State of Local SME Policies

3.1.2     Toward Improving Management Capability Indices of Local SMEs

3.2        Structural Characteristics of Hometown Tax Donation—From the Perspective of SME Support

3.2.1     Three Structural Characteristic

3.2.2     Difference Between Subsidy Policies and Hometown Tax Donation Gifts

3.2.3     Runup (Fostering) Market: Promoting Launch of Companies and New Businesses

3.2.4     Collaborative Efforts Between Public and Private Sectors

3.2.5     Implications for SME Policies

3.3        Case Studies on Businesses That Enhanced Their Management Capabilities Through Providing Gifts

3.3.1     Case Studies on Upgraded Product Visual

3.3.2     Changes in Distribution Channels and Business Styles

3.3.3     Case Studies of New Product Development, Entry into New Businesses, and Launch of Startups

3.3.4     Impact on Employment of Persons with Disabilities

3.4        Key to Launching Local Companies or New Businesses Through Public-Private Partnerships

3.4.1     Operational Support Impacts SMEs

3.4.2     How to View Sixth Industrialization

3.4.3     Promoting Launch of Local Companies or New Businesses by Creating a Market (Demand) in Advance

3.5        Challenges in Fostering Local Businesses

    References

 

4         With a View Toward Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship- Based on Data Analysis and Survey Research of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers

4.1        The Need to Grasp the Current State of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers

4.2        Method of Survey Research on Gift Providers’ Attributes and Improvement in Their Management Capabilities

4.3        Attributes of Gift Providers

4.3.1     Size of Gift Providers

4.3.2     Breakdown of Gift Providers’ Revenues

4.3.3     Gift Revenue by Amount and by Ratio to Total Revenues

4.3.4     Summary of Attributes of Gift Providers

4.4        Survey Results Regarding Enhancing Management Capabilities of Gift Providers

4.4.1     Changes in Gift Providers

4.4.1.1    Changes in Business Motivation and Management Capability Indices

4.4.1.2    Initiatives Toward Developing New Products or Businesses

4.4.1.3    Effects on Expanding Sales Channels

4.4.1.4    Increase in employment, income and productivity

4.4.1.5    Changes in Business Style and Sixth Industrialization

4.4.2     Impact on Regional Investment and Lending

4.4.3     Effects from Matching Interests Between Municipalities and Businesses

4.5        Implications for and Challenges of Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship Based on Survey Research

References

 

5         Prospects for Regional Financial Institutions to Enhance Their Roles Through Hometown Tax Donation - Current State of Lending by Regional Financial Institutions and of Intra-regional Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration

5.1        Prospects for Regional Development Through Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration

5.2        Cases of Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Driven by Hometown Tax Donation Gifts

5.3        Survey Research Targeting Regional Financial Institutions Regarding Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation

5.3.1     Overview of Research and Attributes of Respondents

5.3.2     Regional Financial Institutions’ Perception of Hometown Tax Donation

5.3.3     Perception of Hometown Tax Donation’s Impact on Local Businesses and Economies

5.3.4     Stance and Current State of Lending to Gift Providers

5.4        Political Implications from This Analysis

References

 

6         Regarding Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement and Increase Associating Populations Implications from Various Measures Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation

6.1        Sharing of People is Important Amid National Depopulation

6.2        Creating Associating and Interacting Populations Through Hometown Tax Donation

6.2.1     Encouraging Experience-Oriented Visits

6.2.2     Rural Areas Actively Approaching Donors

6.2.3     Creating Opportunities for Citizens to Participate in Machizukuri: Strengthening Local Kizuna

6.3        How to Perceive Enhancement of Migration and Settlement Measures

6.3.1     Successful Cases Are Few on a National Scale

6.3.2     Effects and Pros and Cons of Enhanced Parenting Support Measures

6.4        Demographic Analysis of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture

6.4.1     Analysis Method

6.4.2     Trend in Population Change of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture

6.4.3     Trend in Number of People Moving to Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture

6.4.4     Analysis of Number of People Moving from Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture

6.4.5     Summary of Analysis on Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture

6.5        Implications for Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement or Increase Associating Populations

References

 

7         The Role of Social Finance in Resolving Regional Issues　-Recent Trends in Japanese Civic Crowdfunding-

7.1        From Municipality-initiated to Civic Engagement

7.1.1     Regional Issues That Cannot Be Dealt with as Desired

7.1.2     Democratization in Securing Budgets Within a Local Government

7.2        Distinction in Features and Usage of CF and Hometown Tax Donation

7.2.1     Difference in Restrictions of Project Owners and Tax Benefits of Funders

7.2.2     Effects on Project Owners

7.3        Civic Crowdfunding

7.4        Recent Trends in Japanese CCF Using Hometown Tax Donation

7.4.1     Overview of Japanese CCF

7.4.2     The Current Status of Japanese CCF

7.4.3     Using Japanese CCF for Disaster Relief

7.5        Collaboration with Private Companies Using Japanese CCF

7.5.1     Projects That Succeeded by Creating a Consortium

7.5.2     A Framework Where Local Issue Awareness and Active Individuals and Companies Back Up Municipalities

7.6        Effects of Japanese CCF on Machizukuri

7.7        Potential Issues of Japanese CCF

7.7.1     Possibility That Unappealing Projects Have Higher Local Demands

7.7.2     Regional Issues vs. Social Issues

7.7.3     Pros and Cons of Municipal Involvement

7.8        Japanese CCF Implemented Through a Regular CF Platform

7.9        Summary: Toward Further Advancement of Japanese CCF

References

 

8         Implications for Regional Development Drawn from the Hometown Tax Donation System --Aiming to Produce Regional Entrepreneurship--

O autorze

Takaaki Hoda is a professor of corporate finance, entrepreneurial finance, and social finance at the Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University, Japan. He is also a visiting scholar at Stanford University and Hitotsubashi University, respectively. He earned a Ph.D. (commerce) from Waseda University, Japan. His works have appeared in several reputed journals such as Venture Review and Public Policy Review. He has a long history of conducting research on crowdfunding and Japan's Hometown Tax Donation Payment system. He is the co-author of Crowdfunding: Lessons from Japan’s Approach, published by Springer in 2018. He has the longest history as a researcher in the field of Japan's Hometown Tax Donation Payment, having conducted interviews at more than 50 municipalities in Japan. He has received the best paper award from The Japan Academic Society for Ventures and Entrepreneurs.

 

Richard B. Dasher, Ph.D., is director of the US–Asia Technology Management Center and adjunct professor at Stanford University. From 1998 to 2015, he concurrently served as executive director of Stanford’s industry-funded Center for Integrated Systems (CIS). He is an advisor to start-up companies, business accelerators, and venture capital firms in Silicon Valley (U.S.A), Canada, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. Dr. Dasher served as a board director and member of the Management Council of Tohoku University in Japan (2004–2010). He lived in Japan from 1986 to 1993, first as director of the U.S. State Department’s Advanced Training Centers in Yokohama and Seoul for U.S. and select Commonwealth country diplomats, and then as a board director of two SMEs in Tokyo. His current research includes U.S. and Asian patterns of entrepreneurial innovation, the impact of new technologies on value chains, and open innovation management. He is fluent in Japanese.