Understanding Antennas for Radar, Communications, and Avionics

ISBN-13: 9789401165433 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 335 str.

Benjamin Rulf; Gregory A. Robertshaw

Opis

Antennas are part of every radar, every communications system, and every electronic warfare system. Therefore antennas are an important technical subject. The number of antenna books that have been published in the last 5 years alone attest to this fact. But why another book about antennas? What does this book offer that is different from all the others? The answer is: accessibility. Most of the technical literature on antennas is written for those with extensive backgrounds in electromagnetic theory and familiarity with the mathematical language of vector analysis, differential equations, and special functions. This puts much of the antenna literature out of reach for the nonspecialist who needs to understand the subject but cannot afford the time required to become familiar with all the background material. With the rapid expansion of technical knowledge, the number of engi neering students who find themselves attracted to "classical" subjects, such as electromagnetic theory, is on the decline, making it increasingly difficult to train engineers in areas involving antennas. Some authors in other technical fields have recognized this problem. For example, books on solid-state elec tronic devices that do not require an extensive background in quantum me chanics are available, useful, and informative. This book fulfills a similar Ileed in the area of antennas."

Spis treści

1. Sinusoidal Waves.- 1.1 Basics of Sinusoidal Wave Motion in One Dimension.- 1.2 Spherical Waves and Energy Transport.- 1.3 Relations Between Plane and Spherical Waves-The Far Field.- 1.4 Wave Interference.- Problems.- 2. Transmission Lines.- 2.1 Basic Relationships of Voltages and Currents.- 2.2 Reflections at Discontinuities.- 2.3 Various Types of Transmission Lines.- Problems.- 3. The Electromagnetic Field.- 3.1 The Electromagnetic Field Vectors and Basic Constants.- 3.2 Maxwell’s Field Equations and Electromagnetic Waves.- 3.3 The Relation Between Electromagnetism and Circuit Theories.- Problems.- 4. Wire Antennas and Basic Antenna Theory.- 4.1 Radiation by an Electric Dipole.- 4.2 Radiation Resistance and Directivity.- 4.3 Straight Wire Antennas-Standing Wave Excitation.- 4.4 Straight Wire Antennas-Traveling Wave Excitation.- 4.5 Helix and Loop.- 4.6 Antennas Above a Flat Conducting Ground.- Problems.- 5. Plane Waves, Rays, and Geometrical Optics.- 5.1 Plane Electromagnetic Waves.- 5.2 Polarization.- 5.3 Reflection and Refraction.- 5.4 Geometrical Optics.- Problems.- 6. Waveguides.- 6.1 Parallel Plane Waveguide.- 6.2 Rectangular Waveguide.- 6.3 General Waveguides.- Problems.- 7. Horn, Slot, and Microstrip Patch Antennas.- 7.1 Aperture Radiation.- 7.2 Horns.- 7.3 Waveguide Slots.- 7.4 Microstrip Patches.- Problems.- 8. Antenna Arrays.- 8.1 General Arrays.- 8.2 Linear Arrays.- 8.3 Planar Arrays.- Problems.- 9. Practical Arrays: Elements, Feed Methods, Scanning, and the Effect of Errors.- 9.1 Linear Array Feeding Methods.- 9.2 Waveguide Slot and Microstrip Arrays.- 9.3 Parasitic Elements and Thinned Arrays.- 9.4 Mechanical, Electronic, and Hybrid Scanning.- 9.5 Monopulse and Other Special Beam-forming Designs.- 9.6 Phase Shifters (Phasers) for Phased Arrays.- 9.7 Random Errors in Phased Arrays.- 9.8 Element Failures in Phased Arrays.- 9.9 Systematic Errors in Phased Arrays.- Problems.- 10. Reflector and Lens Antennas.- 10.1 Aperture Antenna Gain.- 10.2 Reflector Geometry.- 10.3 The Far Field of a Circular Reflector.- 10.4 Design of Various Reflector Antennas and Feeds.- 10.5 Lens Antennas.- Problems.- 11. Miscellaneous Types of Traveling Wave and Broad-Band Antennas.- 11.1 Traveling Wave and Surface Wave Antennas.- 11.2 Broad-Band Antennas.- Problems.- 12. Radomes and Windows.- 12.1 The Uniform Dielectric Wall.- 12.2 The Effects of Radomes.- 12.3 Radome Construction.- Problems.- 13. Reciprocity, the Friis Formula, and Antenna Noise Temperature.- 13.1 Reciprocity.- 13.2 The Friis Formula.- 13.3 Antenna Noise Temperature.- Problems.- 14. The Radar Equation and the Radar Cross Section.- 14.1 The Radar Equation.- 14.2 The Radar Cross Section.- Problems.- Appendix A. The Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Application to Waves.- A.1 Definitions and Algebraic Operations.- A.2 Application to Sinusoidal Phenomena.- A.3 Application to Electric Circuit Theory.- A.4 Application to Wave Phenomena.- Appendix B. Vector Algebra and Some Applications.- B.1 Definitions and Algebraic Operations.- B.2 Applications to Geometry and Electromagnetic Waves.- Appendix C. The Fourier Integral and Its Application to Antennas.- C.1 The Fourier Series.- C.2 The Fourier Integral.- C.3 Application to Several Illuminations.- Appendix D. Design of a Circular Parabolic Reflector Antenna.- Annotated Bibliography.