Medical Textiles for Implantation

ISBN-13: 9783642758041 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 357 str.

Heinrich Planck; Martin Dauner; Monika Renardy

Opis

Triennial the Division of Biomedical Engineering of the Institute of Textile Technology and Chemical Engineering, Denkendorf, is organizing conferences on specific topics in the field of polymeric materials for use in the biomedical areas. The aim is to bring together scientists from allover the world working on this speci fic topic, to present the newest state of the art and to discuss their problems in a more concentrated atmosphere and at last to create and intensivate their cooperation. Following two conferences on "Polyurethanes in Biomedical Engi neering" (1983 and 1986), the Institute of Textile Technology and Chemical Engineering set a theme, which is very closely related to its own task: "Medical Textiles for Implantation." As technical materials, textiles can be classified in two fields of application: - first, textiles used for highly flexible, strong, but only tension load bearing systems, e.g. tows; - second, textiles manufactured to flat shaped devices to separate two regions more or less semipermeable, e.g. clothing; - a combination of both are reinforced systems like tubular fabrics e.g.; here pressure load will be transformed to tensile load, the separation may be performed by a coating. In the biological systems the classification can be used in the same manner: - Tension load bearing structures are ligaments and tendons, semipermeable separation is realized by cell membranes as well as by cell layers, for example the skin. - The combination of both of the principles can be found for example in arteries and the trachea."

Spis treści

I. General Aspects.- 1. General Aspects in the Use of Medical Textiles for Implantation.- 2. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Macrophages and Synthetic Materials on the Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis.- 3. Contributions to Biocompatibility during Hemodialysis.- 4. Macroporous Textile and Microporous Nonwoven Vascular Prostheses: Histological Aspects of Cellular Ingrowth into the Structure.- 5. Cytotoxicity Tests in the Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices.- 6. Fact Database Mediplast. Polymers in Medicine.- 7. The Central Register for Side Effects of Biomaterials.- II. Ligaments and Tendons.- 8. Influence of Processing Parameters for Artificial Ligaments.- 9. Treatment of Ligamentous Instabilities of the Knee-Joint under the Special Aspect of Prosthetic Ligament Reconstruction.- 10. Histology of Aramide Cords (Kevlar ) Used as a Cruciate Knee Ligament Substitute in the Sheep.- 11. Mechanical Properties of Various Ligament Prostheses.- III. Vascular Prostheses.- 12. Dilatability and Stretching Characteristics of Polyester Arterial Prostheses. Evaluation of the Elastic Behaviour.- 13. Polyurethanes and Their Cytocompatibility for Cell Seeding.- 14. Cellular and Cytoskeletal Response of Vascular Cells to Mechanical Stimulation.- 15. Perigraft Reaction of Vascular Prosthetic Grafts and Therapeutic Management.- IV. Sutures.- 16. The Historical Development of Sutures Comparing the Manufacturing Process, Handling Characteristics and Biocompatibility.- 17. Test Methods for Surgical Sutures.- 18. The Effect of Bacteria on the Degradation of Absorbable Sutures.- V. Bioartificial Organs.- 19. Bioartificial Endocrine Pancreas. Prerequisites and Current Status.- 20. Improvement of Insulin Diffusion by Protein Coating of Membranes for Use in a Bioartificial Pancreas.- 21. Polymeric Membranes for Use in a Bioartificial Diffusion Pancreas: Insulin Diffusion in Vitro.- 22. Morphological and Functional Studies on Implanted Diffusion Membranes.- 23. First Experiences on Epithelialisation of an Expanded PTFE Tracheal Prosthesis.- 24. Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Ciliated Epithelia on PTFE-Prostheses.- VI. Artificial Skin and Patches.- 25. Controlled Microporosity: A Key Design Principle for Artificial Skin.- 26. A New Kind of Collagen Membrane to be Used as Long Term Skin Substitute.- 27. The Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane for Temporary Skin Closure after Complicated Cardiac Operations.- 28. Pathological Analysis of the Explanted Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane after Surgical Implantation.- 29. Bioabsorbable Non-Woven Fabric for Surgery.- 30. Water Vapor and Oxygen Permeabilities of Polyetherurethanes.- Roundtable Discussion at the End of the Conference.- Keywords.- Author Index.