Characterizing Consciousness: From Cognition to the Clinic?

ISBN-13: 9783642180149 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 202 str.

Stanislas Dehaene; Yves Christen

Opis

Characterizing the computational architecture and neurobiological mechanisms underlying consciousness remains a major unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience, but it has become an area of intense research. Thanks to new advances in stimulation paradigms, brain imaging techniques, and neuronal theorizing, the issue now appears to be empirically addressable. Yet a major challenge still confronts these novel empirical and theoretical proposals: will they be able to help clinicians confronted with patients in coma or vegetative state? Can they help define novel diagnostic or even therapeutic tools? In the present book, thirteen renowned neuroscientists and clinicians examine whether consciousness research is ripe for applications, from cognition to the clinic.

Spis treści

Preface.- Missing Links in the Evolution of Language.- Consciousness as a Decision to Engage.- Thinking about Brain and Consciousness.- The Global Neuronal Workspace Model of Conscious Access: From Neuronal Architectures to Clinical Applications.- Disorders of Consciousness; What Do We Know?- When Thoughts Become Actions: Imaging Disorders of Consciousness.- Rhythmic Neuronal Synchronization Subserves Selective Attentional Processing.- Studying Consciousness Using Direct Recording from Single Neurons in Humans.- Intrinsic Activity and Consciousness.- Beyond Libet: Long-term Prediction of Free Choices from Neuroimaging Signals.- Subliminal Motivation of the Human Brain.- From Conscious Motor Intention to Movement Awareness.- Subject Index

O autorze

Stanislas Dehaene, geb. 1965, Mathematiker und Psychologe, ist einer der weltweit führenden Kognitionswissenschaftler. 2005 wurde er zum Mitglied der Académie des Sciences gewählt und Professor am Collège de France, wo ein neuer Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Wahrnehmungspsychologie eingerichtet wurde. Dort erforscht Dehaene die Grundlagen des Lesens, Schreibens und Rechnens.

Blurb

Characterizing the computational architecture and neurobiological mechanisms underlying consciousness is a major unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. Yet, thanks to new advances in stimulation paradigms, brain imaging techniques, and neuronal theorizing, the issue now appears to be empirically addressable. In this book thirteen renowned neuroscientists and clinicians examined the most recent data in the field including the possibility to study consciousness in non-human primates. New paradigms now ask whether animals possess meta-cognitive abilities, such as a self-monitoring of their competence in a task, and electrophysiologists now examine the underlying neuronal networks. Many of these results appear compatible with the theory of a global neuronal workspace, which proposes that a distributed set of neurons with long-distance axons are involved in the global information broadcasting underlying reportability and what is experienced as a conscious state.

 

A major challenge still confronts these novel empirical and theoretical proposals: will they be able to help clinicians confronted with patients in coma or vegetative state? Is a given patient conscious? Will he ever recover consciousness? And what will be his cognitive state if he does? Brain stimulation paradigms, whether cortical or in deep-brain nuclei, can alter the state of consciousness and may improve communication in some 'minimally conscious' patients.