Polymers as Biomaterials

ISBN-13: 9781461294801 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 390 str.

W. Shalaby

Opis

Nearly 4000 years ago, the Egyptians used linen, a natural polymeric material, for suturing wounds. About 600 B.C., the Indians used other forms of natural polymers such as cotton, horse hair, and leather in repairing wounds. Wound closure procedures using silk sutures, based mostly on polypeptides, are likely to have been practiced during the second century. Surgical application of natural polymers continued to represent the major use of polymers until the twentieth century. Not too long after the development of several major synthetic polymers, their use in biomedical applications has attracted the attention of many re searchers and clinicians. Over the past few years, interest in the biomedical applications of polymers has grown considerably. This has been the result of the inevitable collaborative efforts of in novative materials scientists, engineers and clinicians. The es tablishment of the Society for Biomaterials, in our opinion, cata lyzed the growing interest in the use of polymers for biomedical application. In a major effort to bring team players even closer, a five-day symposium on "Polymers as Biomaterials" was held in Seattle, Washing ton, in March, 1983 as part of the national meeting of the American Chemical Society. The symposium was designed to provide a forum for communicating technical and clinical data to colleagues with a broad spectrum of interest in the biomedical applications of polymers."

Spis treści

Section A Materials & Properties.- Poly(?-Malic Acid) as a Source of Polyvalent Drug Carriers: Possible Effects of Hydrophobic Substituents in Aqueous Media.- Polypentapeptide of Elastin as an Elastomeric Biomaterial.- Development of Non-Thrombogenic Materials.- The Use of Polyacrylates in the Microencapsulation of Mammalian Cells.- Melt Spinning of Poly-L-Lactide and Hydrolysis of the Fiber In Vitro.- Some Morphological Investigations on an Absorbable Copolymer Biomaterial Based on Glycolic and Lactic Acid.- Structural Identification of CIS-Platinum II Polyhydrazines.- Flourescence in Polymers: 2-Diphenylacetyl-l, 3-Indanedione-l-Imine Derivatives in Polymer Matrices.- Section B Surface Characteristics.- An XPS and SEM Study of Polyurethane Surfaces: Experimental Considerations.- Polymer Surfaces Possessing Minimal Interaction with Blood Components.- Thermodynamic Assessment of Platelet Adhesion to Polyacrylamide Gels.- Section C Interaction with the Biologic Environment.- Reproducible Response of Certain Polymers to Changes in the Surrounding Environment.- Mechanism of the Biodegradation of Polycaprolactone.- Swelling Behavior of Glucose Sensitive Membranes.- Section D Biological Interactions with Polymeric Surfaces.- Selected Aspects of Cell and Molecular Biology of In Vivo Biocompatibility.- Molecular Design of Materials Having an Ability to Differentiate Lymphocyte Subpopulations.- Attachment of Staphylococci to Various Synthetic Polymers.- Blood Compatibility of Polyethylene and Oxidized Polyethylene in a Canine A-V Series Shunt: Relationship to Surface Properties.- Section E Drug Delivery Systems.- Polymer Based Drug Delivery: Magnetically Modulated and Bioerodible Systems.- Oral Sustained Release Drug Delivery System Using Polymer Film Composites.- Chemical Characterization of an Immobilized Heparin: Heparin — PVA.- Tumorcidal Activation and Kinetics of Ectoenzyme Production Elicited by Synthetic Polyanions.- Section F Hydrogels.- A Responsive Hydrogel as a Means of Preventing Calcification in Urological Prostheses.- Potassium Ion Transport Through Membranes in the Presence of Blood Components: Plasma Proteins.- Influence of Gel and Solute Structure on In Vitro and In Vivo Release Kinetics from Hydrogels.- Interaction Between Blood Components and Hydrogels with Poly(Oxyethylene) Chains.- Use of Methyl Cyanoacrylate (MCA) as a Sclerosing Agent in Female Sterilization: Effect of Inhibitors and Radioopaque Additives on MCA Polymerization In Vitro and on Oviduct Occlusion In Vivo in Rabbits.