Broadband Opto-Electrical Receivers in Standard CMOS

ISBN-13: 9781402062216 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 178 str.

Michiel Steyaert; Carolien Hermans

Opis

This book opens with the basics of the design of opto-electronic interface circuits. The text continues with an in-depth analysis of the photodiode, transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and limiting amplifier (LA). To thoroughly describe light detection mechanisms in silicon, first a one-dimensional and second a two-dimensional model is developed. All material is experimentally verified with several CMOS implementations, with ultimately a fully integrated Gbit/s optical receiver front-end including photodiode, TIA and LA.

Spis treści

Preface. List of Abbreviations and Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 A History of Optical Communication. 1.2 Emerging Applications. 1.3 Silicon Opto-Electronics. 1.4 Outline of the Work. 2 Optical Receiver Fundamentals. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The Optical Receiver Front-End. 2.2.1 A Transceiver for Optical Communication Systems. 2.2.2 A Pickup Unit for Optical Storage Systems. 2.3 Binary Data Formats. 2.4 Bit Error Rate and Sensitivity. 2.4.1 Bit error rate. 2.4.2 Sensitivity. 2.5 Intersymbol Interference. 2.5.1 Low-Pass Filtering. 2.5.2 High-Pass Filtering. 2.6 Jitter. 2.7 Conclusion. 3 Standard CMOS Photodiodes. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Basic Concepts. 3.2.1 Principles of Light Detection. 3.2.2 The Use of Standard CMOS. 3.3 Overview of Published Integrated Photodiodes. 3.3.1 BiCMOS Implementations. 3.3.2 SOI Implementations. 3.3.3 CMOS Implementations. 3.4 One-Dimensional Model. 3.4.1 N-Well P-Substrate Junction. 3.4.2 P+ N-Well Junction with Guard. 3.5 Two-Dimensional Model. 3.5.1 Classical N-Well Diode. 3.5.2 P+ N-Well Diode with Guard. 3.5.3 Differential N-Well Diode. 3.5.4 Influence of Wavelength. 3.5.5 Influence of Technology Scaling. 3.6 Conclusion. 4 Transimpedance Amplifier Design. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Performance Requirements. 4.3 Design of the Shunt-Shunt Feedback TIA. 4.3.1 Transimpedance Gain and Bandwidth. 4.3.2 Open-Loop Gain and Loop Gain. 4.3.3 Noise. 4.4 Literature Examples. 4.4.1 Common Source TIA. 4.4.2 Regulated Cascode TIA. 4.4.3 The Latest Trends at ISSCC. 4.5 Case Studies. 4.5.1 An Inverter-Based TIA for Test Photodiodes in 0.18 µm CMOS. 4.5.2 An Inverter-Based TIA for Test Photodiodes in 90 nm CMOS. 4.5.3 A Differential Bandwidth-Optimized TIA in 0.18 µm CMOS. 4.6 Conclusions. 5 Post-Amplifier Design. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Performance Requirements. 5.3 Literature Examples. 5.4 Design of a Fully Differential Broadband LA. 5.4.1 Cascaded Gain Stages. 5.4.2 Broadband Cherry-Hooper Stage. 5.4.3 BroadbandStage with Capacitive Source Degeneration. 5.4.4 Offset Compensation. 5.5 Case Studies. 5.5.1 A Four-Stage LA in 0.18 µm CMOS. 5.5.2 A Five-Stage LA with Offset Compensation in 0.18 µm CMOS. 5.6 Conclusions. 6 CMOS Realizations. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Test Photodiodes with TIA in 0.18 µm CMOS. 6.2.1 Circuit Description. 6.2.2 Measurements. 6.3 Test Photodiodes with TIA in 90 nm CMOS. 6.3.1 Circuit Description. 6.3.2 Measurements. 6.4 A 3.5 Gbit/s LA in 0.18 µm CMOS. 6.4.1 Circuit Description. 6.4.1.1 Four-Stage Limiting Amplifier. 6.4.1.2 Output Buffer. 6.4.2 Measurements. 6.5 A Gbit/s Monolithic Optical Receiver Front-End in 0.18 µm CMOS. 6.5.1 Circuit Description. 6.5.2 Measurements. 6.6 Conclusions. 7 Conclusions. References. Index.

O autorze

Prof. Michiel Steyaert has (co-)authored numerous books for Springer, all are "typical" monographs which have sold well.

Blurb

Broadband Opto-Electrical Receivers in Standard CMOS fits in the quest for integrated opto-electrical solutions, and focuses on the receiver front-end. To further reduce the cost, the cheapest technology is selected: standard CMOS, without any optical tricks or flavors. The emphasis is on the analysis, design and implementation of high-performance analog receiver circuits.

Broadband Opto-Electrical Receivers in Standard CMOS starts from the basic fundamentals, necessary for the design of opto-electronic interface circuits. The book continues with an in-depth analysis of the photodiode, transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and limiting amplifier (LA). To thoroughly understand the light detection mechanisms in silicon, first a one-dimensional and second a two-dimensional model is developed. Analytical design equations are derived to guide the design of the amplifying circuits. For the TIA, the focus lies on the sensitivity-speed trade-off. For the LA, a high gain-bandwidth is pursued. Several practical design examples reveal the subtleties and challenges encountered during the design of high-performance analog circuits.

Broadband Opto-Electrical Receivers in Standard CMOS covers the total design flow of monolithic CMOS optical receivers. All material is experimentally verified with several CMOS implementations, with ultimately a fully integrated Gbit/s optical receiver front-end including photodiode, TIA and LA. The book is essential reading for analog design engineers and researchers in the field and is also suitable as a text book for an advanced course on the subject.