Daily Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Fundamentals and Applications for Students and Professionals

ISBN-13: 9781119831013 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 288 str.

Bruce E. Logan

Spis treści

Preface ix1. Introduction 11.1 A Very Brief History of Energy Use 11.2 Early Energy and Power for Transportation and Electricity Production 21.3 Energy and the Challenge of Global Climate Change 41.4 Looking to the Future: The Age of Electro-MechanicalChemical Energy Conversion and Storage 71.5 Why D, C, and w Units? 10References 122. Energy Use 152.1 Units of Energy and Power 152.2 Comparing Different Energy Units Using kWh 192.3 Energy Use in the US with a Focus on Climate Change and the Future 212.4 Energy Use Around the World 322.5 Next Steps 332.6 How Much Energy Should We Use? 34References 353. Daily Energy Unit D 373.1 Defining the Daily Energy Unit D 373.2 Examples Using D 393.3 Primary Energy Consumption When Using Electricity in Units of D 443.4 Your Life in D Units 463.5 Energy and Electricity Used Compared to Fossil Fuel Use By Different Countries 483.6 Creating Green D 51References 534. Daily CO2 Emission Unit C 554.1 Defining the Daily Carbon Emission Unit C 554.2 CO2 Emissions From Different Fuels 584.3 Emissions of CO2 for Delivered Electricity 604.4 Carbon Emissions for People in Units of C 624.5 Reducing Global CO2 and Other GHG Emissions 65References 705. Daily Water Unit w 735.1 Engineered and Natural Water Systems 735.2 Water Use and the Daily Water Use Unit w 745.3 Energy Use for Our Water Infrastructure 765.4 Energy Use for Water Treatment 805.5 Energy for Used Water Treatment 825.6 Desalination 845.7 Energy Storage Using Water 855.8 CO2 Emissions and Project Drawdown Solutions 88References 896. Renewable Energy 916.1 Introduction 916.2 Solar Photovoltaics 916.3 Wind Electricity 966.4 Geothermal Electricity 1006.5 Biomass Energy 1016.6 Hydrogen Gas Production using Renewable Energy 1066.7 Costs of Renewable versus Conventional Energy Sources 1106.8 Energy Storage in Batteries 1116.9 Impact of Renewable Energy on Reducing Carbon Emissions 113References 1147. Water - An Energy Source 1177.1 Extracting Energy From Water 1177.2 Hydropower 1187.3 How Much Energy is in Used Water (Wastewater)? 1217.4 Methane Production From Biomass in Wastewaters 1247.5 Electricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) 1277.6 Hydrogen Production Using Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) 1307.7 Electricity Generation Using Salinity Gradients 132References 1348. Food 1378.1 The Energy Burden of Food 1378.2 Energy Needed to Put Food in Your Home 1378.3 CO2 Emissions and Our Carbon "Food Print" 1428.4 Water for Food that You Eat Every Day 1438.5 Energy for Ammonia Production (And H2) for Fertilizers 1448.6 Using the Energy Unit D for Our Diet 1478.7 Food Waste and Other Food-Related CO2 Emissions 148References 1529. Heating and Buildings 1559.1 Heating and Insulation 1559.2 Comparing Heating Systems Based on Carbon Emissions 1569.3 Energy Ratings 1599.4 Geothermal Heating 1629.5 Water Heaters 1629.6 Home and Building Energy Analysis from Drawdown 168References 16910. Cooling and Refrigeration 17110.1 Why Energy for Cooling is Increasingly Important 17110.2 Energy Use for Refrigerators 17210.3 Energy Use for Air Conditioners 17310.4 Understanding Energy Units for Cooling 17510.5 Cooling Options 17810.6 Refrigerants and GHGs 179References 18011. Cars 18311.1 Why Cars Matter for Climate Change 18311.2 Internal Combustion Engines and Carbon Emissions 18411.3 Understanding Energy Use by Electric Cars 18711.4 Carbon Emissions From Cars with Different Fuels 18911.5 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) 19211.6 Automobiles of the Future 193References 19412. Transportation 19512.1 My Energy Use for Transportation 19512.2 Energy Use for Transportation Options 19612.3 Air Travel and High-Speed Rail 19912.4 Energy for Pavement Materials 20112.5 What Fuels will be Used in the Future for Trucks, Ships, and Planes? 20212.6 Drawdown Transportation Related Solutions 205References 20613. Concrete and Steel 20913.1 Energy Use for Building Materials 20913.2 Concrete and Cement 20913.3 Steel 21413.4 Drawdown Solutions for Cement and Steel 219References 21914. Assessment and Outlook 22114.1 Addressing Climate Change Will Require Both Renewable Energy and Carbon Capture 22114.2 Assessing Possible Changes to Our Own Daily Energy Consumption 22314.3 How Much CO2 Can We Capture into Biomass and the Deep Subsurface? 22814.4 Major Changes to the Water Infrastructure with Renewable Energy 23514.5 How Much can the World Reduce Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions? 23614.6 Reducing CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuels Will not be Enough 240References 244Appendicies 2471 Conversion Factors 2472 Energy Related to Electricity Generation in the United States 2513 World and US Population 2554 World Energy Use 2575 CO2 Emissions 2616 Hours of Peak Solar in the United States 263Index 265

O autorze

Bruce E. Logan, PhD, is the Evan Pugh University Professor in Engineering, the Stan & Flora Kappe Professor of Environmental Engineering, and Director of the Engineering Energy & Environmental Institute at Penn State University, USA. He is the author of Environmental Transport Processes and Microbial Fuel Cells, and has published more than 540 refereed publications.