Types and Events of Disasters Organization in Various Disaster Situations: Proceedings of the International Congress on Disaster Medicine, Mainz 1977

ISBN-13: 9783540090434 / Angielski / Miękka / 1980 / 356 str.

R. Frey; P. Safar

Opis

F.A. Bauhofer, Geneva In disaster situations, the particular concern of WHO is not so much to offer immediate relief and assistance for affected communities, but to have ready prepared plans for the provision of primary medical care as well as for resuscitation and casualty services. Disast ers are characterized by a need for rapid assistance and by the inability of affected communities to cope with the large scale mortality, morbidity, and damage to essential installations and homes. In some highly elaborate and centralized societies even small scale events may assume the proportion of a disaster, if they result in the serious break down of vital services. The Executive Board of the World Health Organization has defmed disasters or "emergencies," as situations where there are unforeseen, serious, and immediate threats to public health. Particularly severe disasters may be classified as catastrophes; such -occurrences, whether natural or man-made, disturb or overthrow the existing order. For planning purposes, it is important to distinguish between different types of catastrophes since they require special relief measures. In the past, medical assistance was primarily needed in epidemics of, for example, plague, cholera, and smallpox. Today, health authorities face emergency problems brought about by major accidents and outbreaks of chemical pollution and poisoning, which may have long-term effects. The role of health services may differ quite extenSively in different types of cata strophes, and an attempt must be made to draw up specific plans to deal with them."

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Spis treści

Preface to the Series.- List of Authors.- Welcoming Adresses.- Welcoming Adresses.- 1. Types and Events of Disasters. Definition of Disasters.- The Role of Red Cross Assistance in Case of Disaster.- The Rise of Catastrophes.- Causes and Nature of Injuries in Air Accidents.- The Moorgate Underground Disaster - Friday 28th February, 1975.- Disaster at Sea.- Friuli’s Earthquake: First Steps Toward Reassumption of Hygienic Medical Control.- The Main Problems of Medical Relief Actions in Armed Conflicts.- Experiences in Disaster Medicine During the Tragic Civil War of Lebanon (1975-1976).- Nutritional Programs to Combat Starvation Disasters: The Case of Ethiopia.- Accidental Hypothermia Associated with Exposure to Wet-Cold Conditions and Exhaustion.- Poisoning in Environmental Catastrophes and Armed Conflicts: Possibilities of Treatment.- Pathology and Therapy of Combination Injuries: Radiation Dose and Trauma.- Medical Considerations in Radiation Accidents and the Biologic Effect of Fast Neutrons in Hydrogen Bomb Explosions.- Possible Nuclear Disasters in War and Peace.- Principles of Modern Military Surgery as Applicable to a Civilian Disaster.- Medical Experience Obtained by the Identification Commission of the Federal Criminal Office in Crashes of Large Airplanes.- 2. Organization in Various Disaster Situations (Local Regional, National). Moderators:.- Alarm Communication in a Train Accident.- Role of the Family Doctor in Disaster and Emergency Medicine.- Organizational Response to Multiple Casualty Incidents: Experience in New York City.- Three Major Accidents.- Value of Disaster Critiques as Demonstrated by the Management of two“L” Crashes in the City of Chigago.- Organization of Rescue and Disaster Services in Norway: Central Command Centers.- On the Initial Treatment of Head Injuries: Secondary Complications in Connection with the Means of Transportation.- International Approach to the Establishment of Accident and Emergency Ambulance Services.- Intervention of the Civil Defense Medical Service.- Organization of Medical Services in Times of Peace and Emergency.- Immediate Reaction of the Health Service in a Disaster.- A Mobile Hospital-Disaster Team.- Graduated Response to the Requents for Medical Aid.- Norway’s Rescue Service: Training of Staff Personnel at Local Rescue Headquaters and on the Spot.- Importance and Psychology of Triage (Sorting).- A Disaster Plan for a District Hospital.- Planning Principles for Medical Care in Catastrophes.- 3. Workshops: 3.1Global Disaster Situations.- Role of Resuscitation in Global Disasters (Summary of a Panel).- Chlorine Gas Poisoning.- Hazard to Large Populations from Water and Other Environmental Pollution.- Aircraft Crash on the Island of Mikines (Faroes),1970.- Deployment of the Army in East Turkey Earthquake.- A Disaster Relief Operation for the Guatemala Earthquake.- Resuscitation Potentials and the Challenges for Mass Resuscitation in the National Disasters of the Peruvian and Central American Earthquakes, Hurricanes, and Floods.- Filling the Vacuum of Life Support in Natural Disasters and Epidemics.- Criteria for Establishment of Medical Emergency Camps in Disaster Areas of the Third World, Illustrated by the Example of Ethiopia.- Wide-Body Aircraft Crash with Survivors.- The German Hospital Ship “Helgoland” in Vietnam.- Experimental Studies to Determine the Fire Risk of Textile Materials.- The “Rescue Chain s” First Link in Disasters.- Crash of an Aircraft.- Philadelphia International Airport Disaster Exercises in 1975 and 1977.- Cyprus 1974 - An Example of a Sudden Disaster Situation.- 3. Workshops: 3.2 Local/Regional Disaster Situations.- Coordination in a Central Hospital for Treatment of Injured People Following a Train Accident During the Night: A Personal Experience.- Hospital Physician’s Role in Disaster Planning and in Management of the Disaster Site: The City of Chicago Disaster Plan.- The Norwegian Rescue Service: Centers for Medical Emergency Calls.- Function-Oriented Catastrophe Planning.- Presentation of the American Heart Association Future Role of Emergency Cardiac Care.- Police Command Structure of Major Incidents in Great Britain.- Rescue Missions to Oil Rigs in the Danish Continental Shelf of the North Sea.- Current Situation with Respect to the Care and Transport of Emergency Patients.- Medical Disaster Preparedness for Offshore Installations in the North Sea.- Mobile Command Center of Helsinki.- Organizational Forms in Disaster Situations. Deployment and Communication of the Resident Doctors in Disaster Situations in the Countryside.- Antipoison Information Center in the Emergency Medical System.- Medical Rescue Services in Finland.- Some Implications of Organizational Interdependences.- Role of the General Practitioner in the Country in a Disaster.- Let Us Get Rid of the Triage Officer.- Near-Disaster Teaches Need for Command.- Command Center at the Site - Norway.- Organizational,Technical,and Medical Experience from a Major Railway Accident in Southern Bavaria.- 3. Workshops: 3.3 Definite Care in Disaster Situations.- Protected Operational Centers and First Aid Posts.- Emergency Medical Service System - Lincoln, Nebraska.- Emergency Relief Exercises (e.g., Explosion in a Medical School).- A Practicable Plan for Disaster-Oriented Basic Clinics.- Prerequisites for Repatriation Flights.- Organization of the Emergency Service of the University Hospital St. Peter, Brussels, in the Event of Catastrophes.- Emergency Room Disaster Preparedness in a Detroit Metropolitan Hospital.- Three-Year Experience of a Secondary Transport Service for Physiologically Unstable Patients.- The Evacuation Hospital in Mass Disaster.- Fundamental Disaster Planning for Hospitals - The Sidcup Disaster Plan.- First Aid at the Scene of an Accident and During Transport.- Better Victim Management — Good Oral Communications.- Medical Disaster Control Plan of the University Clinics Mainz.- Summary of the Congress Recommendations by the Session and Workshop.- Conclusion of Congress.