Stereographic Projection Techniques for Geologists and Civil Engineers

ISBN-13: 9780521535823 / Angielski / Miękka / 2004 / 124 str.

Richard J. Lisle; Peter R. Leyshon

Opis

An essential tool in the fields of structural geology and geotechnics, stereographic projection allows three-dimensional orientation data to be represented and manipulated. This revised edition presents a basic introduction to the subject with examples, illustrations and exercises that encourage the student to visualize the problems in three dimensions. It will provide students of geology, rock mechanics, and geotechnical and civil engineering with an indispensable guide to the analysis and interpretation of field orientation data. Links to useful web resources and software programs are also provided. First Edition published by Butterworth-Heinemann (1996): 0-750-62450-7

Recenzje

'… highly recommended to the readers of this journal, either as a reference text for the practicing engineering geologist or as a supplement for courses in engineering geology or the hydrogeology of fractured rocks. … The style of writing … is remarkably good and free of the jargon of structural geology … the authors provide simple and elegant definitions when the occasion calls for them. … informative and well written. … Lisle and Leyshon have written a fine and comprehensive introduction to a difficult topic. … the book is well worth its modest price.' Environmental and Engineering Geoscience

Spis treści

Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Geological structures of planar type; 2. Measuring and recording the orientation of planar structures; 3. Geological structures of linear type; 4. Measuring and recording the orientation of lines; 5. Why do we need projections?; 6. Idea of stereographic projection; 7. Approximate method of plotting lines and planes; 8. Exercises 1; 9. The stereographic net; 10. Precise method of plotting planes. Great circles and poles; 11. Precise methods for plotting lines 1. Where the plunge of the line is known; 12. Precise methods for plotting lines 2. Where the line is known from its pitch; 13. The intersection of two planes; 14. Plane containing two lines; 15. Apparent dip; 16. The angle between two lines; 17. The angle between two planes; 18. The plane that bisects the angle between two planes; 19. Projecting a line onto a plane; 20. Stereographic and equal-area projections; 21. The polar net; 22. Analysing folds 1. Cylindricity and plunge of axis; 23. Analysing folds 2. Inter-limb angle and axial surface; 24. Analysing folds 3. Style of folding; 25. Analysing folds 4. The orientation of folds; 26. Folds and cleavage; 27. Analysing folds with cleavage; 28. Faults 1. Calculating net slip; 29. Faults 2. Estimating stress directions; 30. Cones/small circles; 31. Plotting a cone; 32. Rotations about a horizontal axis; 33. Example of rotation about a horizontal axis. Restoration of tilt of beds; 34. Example of rotation. Restoring palaeocurrents; 35. Rotation about an inclined axis; 36. Example of rotation about an inclined axis. Borehole data; 37. Density contouring on stereograms; 38. Superposed folding 1; 39. Superposed folding 2. Sub-area concept; 40. Example of analysis of folds. Bristol area; 41. Geometrical analysis of folds. Examples from SW England; 42. Example of analysis of jointing. Glamorgan coast; 43. Geotechnical applications. Rock slope stability; 44. Assessing plane failure. Frictional resistance; 45. Assessing plane failure. Daylighting; 46. Assessing wedge failure; 47. Exercises 2; 48. Solutions to exercises; Appendices; Availability of computer programs for plotting stereograms; Further reading; Index.