Introduction; Part I. Theology in an Age of Cultural Transformation: 1. The printing press and its impact on the production, proliferation, and readership of theological literature Andrew Pettegree; 2. Humanism and theology Anna Morisi; 3. The changing role of the bible in theological discourse Robert Kolb; 4. The regulation of theology in the reformation era Nelson H. Minnich; 5. Political change and theological discourse Kenneth G. Appold; 6. Universities, monastic studia, academies, seminaries, and catechesis Paul F. Grendler; 7. Para-academic theology: Theology of the 'uneducated' Geoffrey Dipple; 8. Gender and theology in the reformation era Kenneth G. Appold; 9. The theologians and the clergy: Who were they? Charlotte Methuen; Part II. Schools and Emerging Cultures of Theology: Diversity and Conformity Within Confessions:10. The faculty of theology of Paris (1474-1682) Jean-Robert Armogathe; 11. The school of Salamanca Juan Belda Plans; 12. The schools of Louvain and Douai: The Bible, Augustine and Thomas Wim François; 13. Jesuit School of Theology Stefania Tutino; 14. Theological currents in Latin America (16th Century) Josep-Ignasi Saranyana; 15. Diversity and conformity within early Lutheranism Markus Matthias; 16. Reformed schools of theology Carl R. Trueman; 17. Cultures of theology in the British Isles David S. Sytsma; 18. Radical and dissenting groups John D. Roth; 19. Christian ecumenical efforts Irene Dingel; 20. Western 'Confessions' and eastern christianity Yury P. Avvakumov; Part III. Topics and Disciplines of Theology: 21. Method and ethos of theological instruction and discourse Walter Sparn; 22. Biblical theology Euan Cameron; 23. Systematic theology Risto Saarinen; 24. Controversial theology Jared Wicks; 25. Sacramental and liturgical theology Theodor Dieter; 26. Pastoral theology and preaching Megan Armstong and Ronald K. Rittgers; 27. Reformation ethics and moral theology Jennifer A. Herdt; 28. Ecclesiastical law in early modern Europe Kenneth Pennington; 29. Spirituality in the reformation era (1500-1675) Bernard McGinn; 30. Catholic christianity and indigenous religions in the Americas Mariano Delgado; 31. Jesuit catechisms in Japan and India Haruko Nawata Ward; 32. Theology in China c. 1582- c. 1688 Nicolas Standaert; 33. Theology and science Maurice A. Finocchiaro and Leen Spruit; 34. Theology and history Stefan Bauer; 35. Theology, politics, and warfare Robert Bireley and Robert Kolb;36. The role of art in the theological discourse of the reformation Marcia B. Hall; Index.