1 An Introduction to Mongolia 2 The Loss of Mongol Independence 3 Khalkha in the Eighteenth Century 4 Social and Economic Developments in the Nineteenth Century 5 From Autonomy to Revolution, 1911-21 6 First Steps in Revolution, 1921-8 7 The Socialist Fiasco, 1929-32 8 The Destruction of the Old Order, 1932-40 9 Post-War Mongolia: Achievements and Prospects