This book reviews comprehensively the field and development of biochar-based catalyst by summarizing fundamental approaches and principles to prepare biochar and biochar-based catalysts and focusing on the main applications of biochar-based catalysts in environmental remediation. Biochar is a low-cost carbonaceous material produced from biomass and is regarded as an economical substitute to the activated carbon. The coverage of book highlights the most exciting applications of biochar-based catalysts in different reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization,...

This book reviews the physical-chemical properties of individual and mixed surfactant systems and its application in various industry sectors to produce household and personal care products. The book starts off with experimental along with theoretical approaches to study the microscopic behavior of surfactants. In particular, it looks into a characteristic of surfactant molecules ability to associate into micelles in solutions and the formation of mixed micelles when they are formed from more than one species of surfactant of different nature. Mixed micelles...

This book gives an overview of the latest technologies in the conversion of wastes products to biofuel or chemicals which are more eco-friendly and sustainable as compared to the ordinary petroleum derivatives. It describes a variety of technology such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation, which are used in the processing of solid/liquid waste produced by the different residential and industrial sectors into more economically useful by-products. The content of this book resonates with researchers, industrial practitioners, and government...

This book covers the different aspects of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology and its applications in wastewater treatment such as nutrient recovery and heavy metals removal. The MEC technique is related to the technique the microbial fuel cells (MFC);, while the MFC uses the microbial decomposition of organic molecules to generate an electric current, MEC partly reverses the process by using an electric current to generate hydrogen or methane from organic material. If a sustainable energy source is used to generate the electric current, the generated hydrogen or methane can be...

This book covers the processing, properties, and application of rice husk, also widely known as rice hull, which is an available agricultural waste in numerous rice-producing countries. These by-products are generated in significant quantities and must be treated and disposed of properly. Rice husk is an abundantly available waste material in all rice-producing countries. Approximately 120 million tons of rice husk is available each year after it has been removed from the whole rice paddy and is composed of 15% carbon, 18% ash, and 67% volatile matter. This book covers in-depth about...

This book explores the processing, properties, and applications of Posidonia oceanica, an abundant marine plant found in the Mediterranean Sea, for the production of cellulose and nanocellulose. It demonstrates the treatment of Posidonia oceanica waste through chemical and mechanical modifications to

This book highlights the latest research on biochar, a low-cost carbonaceous material produced from biomass, and is regarded as an economical substitute to the activated carbon. The book describes the production and the characteristics of biochar through various techniques/methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization of carbonaceous biomass, such as agricultural residues, algal biomass, forest residues, manures, activated sludge, energy crops, digestate at high temperature (300–900 °C) and under O2-limiting conditions. The book also highlights...

This book presents theory, principles and applications of ion exchangers for water and environment management.  It begins with an introduction, ion-exchange equilibrium kinetics of ion-exchange process and fundamental properties of ion exchangers which make them appropriate in various applications. The theories underlying the operation of ion-exchange resins are explained, as well as the production of resin products with groups adapted to specific ions or groups of ions including principles of ion-exchange process, different...