This book takes an in depth look at a novel methodology for analyzing Global Positioning System (GPS) data to obtain the highest possible resolution surface imaging of tectonic deformation sources without prescribing the nature of either the sources or the subsurface medium. GPS methods are widely used to track the surface expression of crustal deformation at tectonic plate boundaries, and are typically expressed in terms of velocity fields or strain rate fields. Vertical derivatives of horizontal stress (VDoHS) rates at the Earth's surface can also be derived from GPS velocities, and...
This book takes an in depth look at a novel methodology for analyzing Global Positioning System (GPS) data to obtain the highest possible resolutio...
The SpringerBriefs on Atmospheric and Space Sciences in two volumes presents a concise and interdisciplinary introduction to the basic theory, observation & modeling of atmospheric and ionospheric coupling processes on Earth. The goal is to contribute toward bridging the gap between meteorology, aeronomy, and planetary science. In addition recent progress in several related research topics, such atmospheric wave coupling and variability, is discussed. Volume 1 will focus on the atmosphere, while Volume 2 will present the ionosphere-- the plasma environment. Volume 1 is aimed primarily at...
The SpringerBriefs on Atmospheric and Space Sciences in two volumes presents a concise and interdisciplinary introduction to the basic theory, obse...
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the chemical nature of the Earth s early surface environment and how that led to the origin of life. This includes a detailed discussion of the likely process by which life emerged using as much quantitative information as possible. The emergence of life and the prior surface conditions of the Earth have implications for the evolution of Earth s surface environment over the following 2-2.5 billion years. The last part of the book discusses how these changes took place and the evidence from the geologic record that supports this particular...
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the chemical nature of the Earth s early surface environment and how that led to the origin of life. T...
This book endeavours to give a concise contribution to understanding the data assimilation and related methodologies. The mathematical concepts and related algorithms are fully presented, especially for those facing this theme for the first time.
The first chapter gives a wide overview of the data assimilation steps starting from Gauss' first methods to the most recent as those developed under the Monte Carlo methods. The second chapter treats the representation of the physical system as an ontological basis of the problem. The third chapter deals with the classical Kalman filter,...
This book endeavours to give a concise contribution to understanding the data assimilation and related methodologies. The mathematical concepts and...
This book deals with the rare earth elements (REE), which are a series of 17 transition metals: scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide series of elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium).
They are relatively unknown to the wider public, despite their numerous applications and their critical role in many high-tech applications, such as high-temperature superconductors, phosphors (for energy-saving lamps, flat-screen monitors and flat-screen televisions),...
This book deals with the rare earth elements (REE), which are a series of 17 transition metals: scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide series of elem...
This manuscript sets out a process for estimating fatalities in collapsed buildings due to ground shaking in an earthquake. The aim of this research is to supplement current earthquake loss estimation with fatality rates (percentage of occupants killed) for use in models which are based on recent empirical information on deaths from earthquakes. This document specifically explores the lethality potential to occupants of collapsed structures. Whilst earthquake casualty modeling has admittedly suffered from a lack of post-earthquake collection of data and rigour in assessing these data,...
This manuscript sets out a process for estimating fatalities in collapsed buildings due to ground shaking in an earthquake. The aim of this researc...
This book demonstrates how analytical thinking and intuition can be systematically connected and trained. It is illustrated by figures and photographs and includes creative and stimulating exercises.
We are living in a world of increasing complexity, in which perceiving reality accurately is increasingly important and difficult. Society s need to address global grand challenges requires that the scientific community initiates inter-disciplinary research programmes. These are often far removed from current programmes, which are usually based on intra-disciplinary science. Improving...
This book demonstrates how analytical thinking and intuition can be systematically connected and trained. It is illustrated by figures and photogra...
This book describes the methods and numerical approaches for data assimilation in geodynamical models and presents several applications of the described methodology in relevant case studies. The book starts with a brief overview of the basic principles in data-driven geodynamic modelling, inverse problems, and data assimilation methods, which is then followed by methodological chapters on backward advection, variational (or adjoint), and quasi-reversibility methods. The chapters are accompanied by case studies presenting the applicability of the methods for solving geodynamic problems;...
This book describes the methods and numerical approaches for data assimilation in geodynamical models and presents several applications of the describ...
This book offers an insight into the global occurrence, geomorphology, evolution, weathering and erosion of coastal cliffs and bluffs. Stabilization and preservation of cliffs are treated in detail. Mitigation of cliff hazards and preservation of scenic features and sites of scientific importance requires effective coastal cliff management that can only be based on thorough knowledge of the physical processes at work. Cliffs have been cut in various geological formations, and have taken shape as a sequel to a world-wide sea level rise. Most cliffs have receded as the result of weathering...
This book offers an insight into the global occurrence, geomorphology, evolution, weathering and erosion of coastal cliffs and bluffs. Stabilization a...
This book covers an overview of research on sediment textures, sedimentary structures, sediment composition and bioturbation structures including other aspects of tidal sedimentation. The analytical results for the tidal river sedimentation and essential aspects of relevant field studies along the entire stretch of the Thakuran River are being presented in this book. Filled with interesting results obtained from minutely observations, this book brings together outstanding facts of the tidal river sedimentation and can be considered as a pioneer work on the dynamic estuarine environment of...
This book covers an overview of research on sediment textures, sedimentary structures, sediment composition and bioturbation structures including o...
