The book traces the origins of change in general education in the last years of the Soviet Union and afterwards in the Russian Federation. It describes what happened during perestroika and glasnost and the struggles for liberalization which were finally given official recognition in 1998. After the anti-Gorbachev coup in 1991, with the disintegration of Soviet and Communist power, decentralization and regionalization developed, together with the emergence of alternative schools and finally a small private sector. The book also describes the many problems faced by schools and teachers with the...
The book traces the origins of change in general education in the last years of the Soviet Union and afterwards in the Russian Federation. It describe...
This new book, based on archival research, contests the assumptions that Romania remained pro-Western in the late 1930s and only joined the Axis as a result of Western negligence and German pressure. Instead, Germany was drawn by Romanian politicians into political and economic cooperation with Bucharest. In the event, this proved Romania's undoing. Let down by her German protector, she was forced to cede territory to the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria. Subsequently, Romania was allowed into the alliance she sought with Germany.
This new book, based on archival research, contests the assumptions that Romania remained pro-Western in the late 1930s and only joined the Axis as a ...
The Reconstruction of Poland, 1914-23 is a significant reappraisal of the political, social and economic problems associated with the rebirth of an independent Polish state. The book spans a chronological period beginning in the First World War and culminates in the de jure recognition of the last of Poland's borders in 1923. This book provides essential background for the more recent attempt to rebuild Poland in the 1990s.
The Reconstruction of Poland, 1914-23 is a significant reappraisal of the political, social and economic problems associated with the rebirth of an in...
This book looks at the past and present condition of Russian nationalism. Its chapters examine the influence of tsarist and Soviet official policies upon national identity, and seek to explain the broader political, social and cultural factors which helped or hindered the ambitions of rulers. The changeability of Russian national consciousness is exmphasised. Several chapters also highlight the various long-standing inhibitions to the emergence of a consolidated civic nationalism in a Russian Federation which gained its independence at the break-up of the USSR.
This book looks at the past and present condition of Russian nationalism. Its chapters examine the influence of tsarist and Soviet official policies u...