Universal Logic conceptualizes a new logic, where the main inference connective is understood as 'meaning containment'. Classical logic plays a restricted role, applying to 'classical sentences', while the new logic is studied in depth with chapters on semantics, proof theory, and properties. Based on this logic, simple consistency is proved for naive class theory, also in conjunction with 'classical theories' such as a Z-F-style set theory. This book shows how the main set-theoretic and semantic paradoxes can be solved in a systematic way, which is conceptualized independently of the...
Universal Logic conceptualizes a new logic, where the main inference connective is understood as 'meaning containment'. Classical logic plays a restri...
The early papers collected here trace a trajectory through the work and thinking of Charles Fillmore over his long and distinguished career--reflecting his desire to make sense of the workings of language in a way that keeps in mind questions of language form, language use, and the conventions linking form, meaning, and practice.
The early papers collected here trace a trajectory through the work and thinking of Charles Fillmore over his long and distinguished career--reflectin...
The use of diagrams in logic and geometry has encountered resistance in recent years. For a proof to be valid in geometry, it must not rely on the graphical properties of a diagram. In logic, the teaching of proofs depends on sentenial representations, ideas formed as natural language sentences such as "If A is true and B is true...." No serious formal proof system is based on diagrams. This book explores the reasons why structured graphics have been largely ignored in contemporary formal theories of axiomatic systems. In particular, it elucidates the systematic forces in the intellectual...
The use of diagrams in logic and geometry has encountered resistance in recent years. For a proof to be valid in geometry, it must not rely on the gra...
The papers collected here focus on probabilistic causality, addressing topics such as the search for causal mechanisms, epistemic and metaphysical views of causality, Bayesian nets and causal dependence, and causation in the special sciences. Some papers stress the statistical analysis of probabilistic data; others address causal issues in physics, with an emphasis on physical processes that are also probabilistic i.e., stochastic processes. "
The papers collected here focus on probabilistic causality, addressing topics such as the search for causal mechanisms, epistemic and metaphysical vie...
Mathematicians at every level use diagrams to prove theorems. "Mathematical Reasoning with Diagrams" investigates the possibilities of mechanizing this sort of diagrammatic reasoning in a formal computer proof system, even offering a semi-automatic formal proof system called Diamond which allows users to prove arithmetical theorems using diagrams."
Mathematicians at every level use diagrams to prove theorems. "Mathematical Reasoning with Diagrams" investigates the possibilities of mechanizing thi...
In our multimedia age, text description presents many conceptual problems: texts, as cultural objects, cannot be interpreted without descriptions of genre, communicative conditions, and language, which positivist approaches have proved unable to provide. "Semantics for Descriptions" addresses itself as much to linguists as to computer scientists, arguing that rational hermeneutics can offer better descriptive methods by allowing the theoretical and practical conditions of text interpretation to be defined.
In our multimedia age, text description presents many conceptual problems: texts, as cultural objects, cannot be interpreted without descriptions of g...
This volume, sixth in a series of collected works by world-renowned computer scientist Donald E. Knuth, assembles approximately two dozen of his pioneering contributions to the field of computer languages, including papers on ALGOL, SOL, Runcible, and FORTRAN. Papers on the early development of programming languages, the history of writing compilers, the characterization of parenthesis languages, and the semantics of context-free languages are also included.
This volume, sixth in a series of collected works by world-renowned computer scientist Donald E. Knuth, assembles approximately two dozen of his pione...
With unusual structural characteristics, Finnish and Saami offer interesting challenges to linguistic theories formulated around more popular languages. Grammatically, for instance, languages in the Finnic and Saami group utilize extensive systems of case inflection on nouns to signal a broad variety of relations that in almost all other languages require additional words. Phonologically, as another example, the phenomenon of "consonant gradation" is of particular interest to linguists. This volume is the first to examine the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Finnic and...
With unusual structural characteristics, Finnish and Saami offer interesting challenges to linguistic theories formulated around more popular language...
This book focuses on the semantic particularities of the French language, covering five empirical themes: determiners, adverbs, tense and aspect, negation, and information structure. The specialists contributing here including general linguists in France and French linguists in the Netherlands take formal approaches to semantics and its interface with syntax and pragmatics, highlighting meaning in its relation to both structure and use. Their results should be of particular interest to French and Romance linguists who want to study French from a formal semantic perspective and to general...
This book focuses on the semantic particularities of the French language, covering five empirical themes: determiners, adverbs, tense and aspect, nega...
While neuroscientists garner success in identifying brain regions and in analyzing individual neurons, ground is still being broken at the intermediate scale of understanding how neurons combine to encode information. This book proposes a method of representing information in a computer that would be suited for modeling the brain's methods of processing information. Holographic Reduced Representations (HRRs) are introduced here to model how the brain distributes each piece of information among thousands of neurons. It had been previously thought that the grammatical structure of a...
While neuroscientists garner success in identifying brain regions and in analyzing individual neurons, ground is still being broken at the intermediat...