The book contains a selection of research and expository papers in pure and applied mathematics presented by various authors as plenary or invited speakers at the biennial congress of the Spanish Royal Mathematical Society held in Ciudad Real (Spain) in January 2022. The main results focus on the Yang problem and its solution proposed by Globevnik; a phylogenetic reconstruction based on algebra; the Calderon problem for local and nonlocal Schrödinger equations; some open problems in orthogonal polynomial theory; Quillen’s rational homotopy theory; Ulrich bundles and applications; and...

This book presents progress on two open problems within the framework of algebraic geometry and commutative algebra: Gröbner's problem regarding the arithmetic Cohen-Macaulayness (aCM) of projections of Veronese varieties, and the problem of determining the structure of the algebra of invariants of finite groups. We endeavour to understand their unexpected connection with the weak Lefschetz properties (WLPs) of artinian ideals. In 1967, Gröbner showed that the Veronese variety is aCM and exhibited examples of aCM and nonaCM monomial projections. Motivated by this fact, he posed the...