This edited volume presents applications and modelling as a world-renowned sub-field of research in mathematics education. It includes the discussion on students’ development of modelling competency through the teaching of applications and modelling. The teaching of mathematical modelling is considered from different perspectives, such as mathematical, pedagogical-didactical perspectives and critical-societal or socio-political perspectives. Assessment practices (local, regional or international) of modelling activities and difficulties with modelling activities at school and...