The main focus of this book is on presenting advances in fuzzy statistics, and on proposing a methodology for testing hypotheses in the fuzzy environment based on the estimation of fuzzy confidence intervals, a context in which not only the data but also the hypotheses are considered to be fuzzy. The proposed method for estimating these intervals is based on the likelihood method and employs the bootstrap technique. A new metric generalizing the signed distance measure is also developed. In turn, the book presents two conceptually diverse applications in which defended intervals play a role:...

Last-mile delivery in cities, where the main problems are the traffic situation and ensuring access to customers’ homes while maintaining their privacy, poses a substantial logistical challenge. This book explores how the service area of mobility, especially last-mile delivery, can be improved and smartified. It demonstrates how a design science method and a transdisciplinary approach have been used to create a traffic area analysis tool that can accommodate the uncertainty and incompleteness of geospatial data; a linguistic traffic merging tool; and a customer classifier. In terms of...