With the increasing world-energy demand there is a growing necessity for clean and renewable energy. The sun being one of the most abundant potential sources accounts for less than 1% of the global energy supply. The market for solar cells is one of the most strongly increasing markets, even though the prize of conventional solar cells is still quite high. New emerging technologies, such as organic and hybrid solar cells have the potential to decrease the price of solar energy drastically. This book offers an introduction to these new types of solar cells and discusses fabrication,...

Surfactants are surface active agents, molecules that have a significant role in emulsions, suspensions, and foams. They find widespread application in personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and the food industry.Their classification, physical properties, phase behavior, their effects and applications are covered in this book.

This textbook is an elementary introduction to the basic principles of partial differential equations. With many illustrations it introduces PDEs on an elementary level, enabling the reader to understand what partial differential equations are, where they come from and how they can be solved. The intention is that the reader understands the basic principles which are valid for particular types of PDEs, and to acquire some classical methods to solve them, thus the authors restrict their considerations to fundamental types of equations and basic methods. Only basic facts from calculus and...

This work is conceived to meet the demand of state-of-the-art literature to teach the fundamentals as well as the modern applications of nuclear chemistry. The work will consist of two volumes: the first one covering the basics of nuclear chemistry such as the relevant parameters of instable atomic nuclei, the various modi of radioactive transmutations, the corresponding types of radiation including their detection and dosimetry, and finally the mechanisms of nuclear reactions. The second volume addresses relevant fields of nuclear chemistry, such as the chemistry of radioactive elements,...

Nanoparticles presents the remarkable variety of nanoparticle families, compositions, structures, and functions. The book discusses nanoparticles made of semiconductors, metals, metal-oxides, organics, biological and hybrid constituents.
Through a wealth of examples and case studies, supplemented by numerous
figures, readers that are not necessarily active or experts in this area acquire a
broad overview of this exciting field at the interface between scientifi c research and practical technologies.
The contents summarize the contributions to this field of...

The extensive use of little known electronic principles provides something like the Science of Electronics supplementing the Art of Electronics without involvement of too much theory. Whereas art can only be acquired by doing, the knowledge provided by science can be acquired from books. The ready availability of integrated circuits for practically any application reduces the art of electronics to the art of interfacing these integrated components. The practical knowledge required for that art can only be acquired by doing and not by reading. However, it takes a lot of...

This book discusses questions of numerical solutions of applied problems on parallel computing systems. Nowadays, engineering and scientific computations are carried out on parallel computing systems, which provide parallel data processing on a few computing nodes. In constructing computational algorithms, mathematical problems are separated in relatively independent subproblems in order to solve them on a single computing node.

This text book is conceived to meet the demand of state-of-the-art literature to teach the fundamentals as well as the modern applications of nuclear chemistry. The work will consist of two volumes: the first one covering the basics of nuclear chemistry such as the relevant parameters of instable atomic nuclei, the various modi of radioactive transmutations, the corresponding types of radiation including their detection and dosimetry, and finally the mechanisms of nuclear reactions. The second volume addresses relevant fields of nuclear chemistry, such as the chemistry of radioactive...

Im beginnenden 21. Jahrhundert ist der Umgang mit Musik ohne digitale Technologien nicht mehr denkbar: bei ihrer Rezeption und Produktion spielt der Computer eine zentrale Rolle. Spezielle Hardware und Software sind mittlerweile allgemein verfugbar, zwischen einem stationaren und einem portablen Musikstudio in Form eines Notebooks besteht qualitativ kein Unterschied mehr. Spezielle Anwendungen und neue musikalische Techniken haben die Arbeit von Komponisten und Musikern grundlegend verandert und zu neuen Gestaltungsmoglichkeiten und Musikstilen ganz eigener Asthetik gefuhrt.