The definitive guide to the game-theoretic and probabilistic underpinning for Bitcoin’s security model. The book begins with an overview of probability and game theory. Nakamoto Consensus is discussed in both practical and theoretical terms. This volume: Describes attacks and exploits with mathematical justifications, including selfish mining. Identifies common assumptions such as the Market Fragility Hypothesis, establishing a framework for analyzing incentives to attack. Outlines the block reward schedule and economics of ASIC mining. Discusses how adoption by institutions...

The increase of renewable electricity production and the resulting surplus lead us to ask: how to improve energy efficiency through the use of hydrogen? This 2nd Edition of Power-to-Gas covers the global energy issues (generation, distribution, consumption, markets), the production of hydrogen via electrolysis, its transportation and storage or conversion in another form. It takes account of the new energy challenges facing the world and the development of experimentations by adding new projects and realisations.

In times of powerful AI systems, such as GPT, Value-based Engineering is deeply needed. It is a new transdisciplinary IT innovation- and engineering approachrespecting human values and societal consequences of IT systems as these are planned and in early evolution stages. The book tells the story of why we need technology for humanity more than ever before and what principles we should follow in building it. More concretely, it is a guide on how exactly companies should pursue their innovation efforts with an epilogue on how this is different from aspiring science fiction. The Value-based...

In the 1980’s sonochemistry was considered to be a rather restricted branch of chemistry involving the ways in which ultrasound could improve synthetic procedures, predominantly in heterogeneous systems and particularly for organometallic reactions. Within a few years the subject began to expand into other disciplines including food technology, environmental protection and the extraction of natural materials. Scientific interest grew and led to the formation of the European Society of Sonochemistry in 1990 and the launch of a new journal Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 1994. The subject...

This textbook introduces the elementary basics of hydrochemistry with special focus on reaction equilibria in aquatic systems and their mathematical description. Topics discussed in this textbook include: structure and properties of water, concentration measures and activities, colligative properties, basics of chemical equilibria, gas-water partitioning, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, calco-carbonic equilibrium, redox reactions, complex formation, and sorption. Examples within the text as well as problems to be solved by the reader support the acquisition of knowledge....

Introduces students to appropriate use of computer programming within the scientific disciplines using Python. Discusses several common applications of programming and implementation using real world examples and hands on programming exercises. Students learn how to model situations such as image recognition, medical diagnosis, spread of disease, and others. The text could be used by students and lecturers for courses in Python, Numerical Methods, or as a first course in Data Science.

Mathematical Logic: An Introduction is a textbook that uses mathematical tools to investigate mathematics itself. In particular, the concepts of proof and truth are examined. The book presents the fundamental topics in mathematical logic and presents clear and complete proofs throughout the text. Such proofs are used to develop the language of propositional logic and the language of first-order logic, including the notion of a formal deduction. The text also covers Tarski’s definition of truth and the computability concept. It also provides coherent proofs of Godel’s...

The goal of this book is to provide a mathematical perspective on some key elements of the so-called deep neural networks (DNNs). Much of the interest in deep learning has focused on the implementation of DNN-based algorithms. Our hope is that this compact textbook will offer a complementary point of view that emphasizes the underlying mathematical ideas. We believe that a more foundational perspective will help to answer important questions that have only received empirical answers so far. The material is based on a one-semester course Introduction to Mathematics of Deep Learning" for...

This is an interdisciplinary book for biomimetic nanotechnology, that correlates the biology on the molecular scale with nanotechnology mimicking human senses and movement. The introduction provides the background in life science, chemistry, material science, and engineering needed to understand sensors and movement on the molecular level. The chapters discuss human movement, vision, smell and taste, hearing, and touch. Each chapter explains the sense or movement on the molecular level, then discusses nanotechnology that uses the human molecules or mimics the function of the human sense and...

The work shows, by means of examples coming from different corners of physics, how physical and mathematical questions can be answered using a computer. Starting with maps and neural networks, applications from Newton's mechanics described by ordinary differential equations come into the focus, like the computation of planetary orbits or classical molecular dynamics. A large part of the textbook is dedicated to deterministic chaos normally encountered in systems with sufficiently many degrees of freedom. Partial differential equations are studied considering (nonlinear) field theories like...