These are the proceedings of a one-week international conference centered on asymptotic analysis and its applications. They contain major contributions dealing with- mathematical physics: PT symmetry, perturbative quantum field theory, WKB analysis, - local dynamics: parabolic systems, small denominator questions, - new aspects in mould calculus, with related combinatorial Hopf algebras and application to multizeta values, - a new family of resurgent functions related to knot theory.

This volume explores, from a mathematical and a philosophical perspective, the virtuous circle connecting logic and rationality. While logic lends its methods, techniques and ideas to the investigation of rationality, the practical problems which arise in modelling rational behaviour, especially in the social sciences, motivate logicians to develop more refined logical formalisms. This is why non classical logics - a unifying theme of this volume - play a fundamental role in the construction of formal models of rationality.

In 2008, a school on the theory of optimal transportation and its applications took place in Pisa, with lectures by F. Barthe, W. Gangbo, F. Maggi and R. McCann. In this book, the notes of the first three lecturers are collected. They provide a deep insight on concentration inequalities, evolution PDEs of Hamiltonian type, geometric and functional inequalities.