Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Physics - Condensed Matter

Numerous experiments and calculations have shown that isolated metal clusters possess many interesting features, quite different from those known from surface and solid- state physics or from atomic and molecular physics. The technological exploitation of these new properties, e.g. in miniature electronic or mechanical components, requires the cluster to be brought into an environment such as an encapsulating matrix or a surface. Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of the clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the...

Granular materials are an integral part of our everyday life. They are also the base material for most industrial processing techniques. The highly dissipative nature of the particle collisions means energy input is needed in order to mobilize the grains. This interplay of dissipation and excitation leads to a wide variety of pattern formation processes, which are addressed in this book. The reader is introduced to this wide field by, first, a description of the material properties of granular materials under different experimental conditions that are important in connection with the pattern...

There have been many books published on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related subjects since Dr. Cerd Binnig and Dr. Heinrich Rohrer invented STM in 1982 and AFM in 1986 at IBM Research Center in Zurich, Switzerland. These two techniques, STM and AFM, now form the core of what has come to be called the 'scanning probe microscopy (SPM)' family. SPM is not just the most powerful microscope for scientists to image atoms on surfaces, but is also becoming an indispensable tool for manipulating atoms and molecules to construct man-made materials and devices....

This book is especially addressed to young researchers in theoretical physics with a basic background in Field Theory and Condensed Matter Physics. The topics were chosen so as to offer the largest possible overlap between the two expertises, selecting a few key problems in Condensed Matter Theory which have been recently revisited within a field-theoretic approach. The presentation of the material is aimed not only at providing the reader with an overview of this exciting frontier area of modern theoretical physics, but also at elucidating most of the tools needed for a technical comprehen-...

A title aimed at enabling the reader to understand the basic formalisms used in electronic structure determination and particularly the "Muffin Tin Orbitals" methods. Many developments are presented, providing a detailed description of the "Full Potential" schemes amongst others.

This book is a collection of part of the written versions of the Physics Courses given at the Winter School "Order, Chance and Risk: Aperiodic Phenomena from Solid State to Finance" held at the Les Houches Center for Physics, between February 23 and March 6, 1998. The School gathered lecturers and participants from all over the world. On a thematic level, the content of the school can be viewed both as a continuation (aperiodic phenomena in solid state physics) and an extension (mathematical aspects of fmance and economy) of the previous "Beyond Quasicrystals," also held at Les Houches, March...

Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces deals with structural and electronic properties of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces. The first part introduces the general aspects of space-charge layers, of clean-surface and adatom-induced surfaces states, and of interface states. It is followed by a presentation of experimental results on clean and adatom-covered surfaces which are explained in terms of simple physical and chemical concepts. Where available, results of more refined calculations are considered. This third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. In particular it now...

The first edition of this book provided an introduction to the many static and dynamic features of magnetic flux structures in what are now called classical or low-temperature superconductors. It went out of print not long after the discovery of high-temperature superconductors in 1986 by J.G. Bednorz and K.A. Miiller, a discovery which resulted worldwide in an explosive growth of research and development in the field of superconductivity. Because of this upsurge of activities, a strong demand for this book clearly continued. Since the contents of the fourteen chapters of the first edition...

This book provides course material in theoretical physics intended for undergraduate and graduate students specializing in condensed matter. The book derives from teaching activity, offering readable and mathematical treatments explained in sufficient detail to be followed easily. The main emphasis is always on the physical meaning and applicability of the results. Many examples are provided for illustration; these also serve as worked problems.

Discussion extends to atomic physics, relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary QED, electron spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and various...

Physical Acoustics in the Solid State reviews the modern aspects in the field, including many experimental results, especially those involving ultrasonics. It covers practically all fields of solid-state physics. After a review of the relevant experimental techniques and an introduction to the theory of elasticity, the book details applications in the various fields of condensed matter physics.

The reader is holding the ?rst volume of a three-volume textbook on sol- state physics. This book is the outgrowth of the courses I have taught for many years at Eotvos University, Budapest, for undergraduate and graduate students under the titles Solid-State Physics and Modern Solid-State Physics. The main motivation for the publication of my lecture notes as a book was that none of the truly numerous textbooks covered all those areas that I felt should be included in a multi-semester course. Especially, if the course strives to present solid-state physics in a uni?ed structure, and aims at...

This collection of lectures and tutorial reviews focuses on the common computational approaches in use to unravel the static and dynamical behaviour of complex physical systems at the interface of physics, chemistry and biology. Prominent consideration is given to rugged free-energy landscapes. The authors aim to provide a common basis and technical language for the (computational) technology transfer between the fields and systems considered.

The purpose of this textbook is to introduce the student to a basic area of mac- scopic physics, namely the statistical mechanical study of the different phases of matter, as well as the phase transitions between them. Although many books on statistical physics, for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems, are already available, they largely differ in contents. This generally re ects not only the diff- ent interests of their authors, but also the epoch in which they were written. For instance, the early books did usually devote much space to problems of the solid state, whereaslater ones...

The theory of complex Ginzburg-Landau type phase transition and its applica tions to superconductivity and superfluidity has been a topic of great interest to theoretical physicists and has been continuously and persistently studied since the 1950s. Today, there is an abundance of mathematical results spread over numer ous scientific journals. However, before 1992, most of the studies concentrated on formal asymptotics or linear analysis. Only isolated results by Berger, Jaffe and Taubes and some of their colleagues touched the nonlinear aspects in great detail. In 1991, a physics seminar...

This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Structure and Dynamics of Partially Solidified Systems held at Stanford Sierra Lodge, Tahoe, California, May 12-16, 1986. This work shop grew out of a realization that there was a significant amount of interest and activity in this topic in several unrelated disciplines, and that it would be mutually beneficial to bring together those mathemati' cians, scientists and engineers interested in this subject to share their knowledge and ideas with each other. Partially solidified systems occur in a variety of...

The close relationship between experimentalists and theorists - whether solid state chemists or physicists - has, in the last few years, inspired much research in the field of materials with quasi one-dimensional structures.

This volume, Part I of a two-volume set, reviews the basic theories describing the physical properties of one-dimensional materials including their superconducting characteristics. This description is mainly based on the properties of transition metal trichalcogenides. The novel collective transport mechanism for electronic conduction, exhibited by some of the...

The close relationship between experimentalists and theorists whether solid state chemists or physicists has, in the last few years, inspired much research in the field of materials with quasi one-dimensional structures.

Part II of this two-volume set deals with the experimental treatment of pseudo-one-dimensional conductors. Included are contributions on platinum chains, (SN)_x and (SNBr_y)x, the optical properties of 1-D inorganic metals, CDW transport in transition metal chalcogenides, and a lattice dynamical study of transition metal trichalcogenides.

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During the last fifteen years the field of the investigation of glasses has experienced a period of extremely rapid growth, both in the development of new theoretical ap proaches and in the application of new experimental techniques. After these years of intensive experimental and theoretical work our understanding of the structure of glasses and their intrinsic properties has greatly improved. In glasses we are con fronted with the full complexity of a disordered medium. The glassy state is characterised not only by the absence of any long-range order; in addition, a glass is in a...

The contemporary ideas about the theory of atomic properties of metals are reviewed in this book. This theory is based upon concepts of pseudopotential and interacting electrons and is used for quantitative description of the whole complex of atomic properties of perfect simple metals.
The authors have tried to maintain the consonance of the theoretical description of metal properties with computer experiment. A well-advanced theory with many new developments is presented, as well as simple and well-known theoretical approaches necessary for computer calculation. The background of the...

Few areas of science are as interdisciplinary as materials science. Chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, and mathematics each play a part within it. The role of physics is to describe the objects, effects and phenomena at different scales (micro-, meso-, and macroscopic) as precisely as possible. Physics of Materials addresses this description at the elementary level. Based on an undergraduate level course taught at the Ecole Polytechnique, France, the main emphasis is on the conduction related phenomena (electronic properties) and the plastic behavior (ionic properties) of materials,...