Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Philosophy & Social Aspects

This book is an empirically informed investigation of the philosophical problem of mental causation, and a philosophical investigation of the status of cognitive scientific generalisations. If there are mental causes which can be classified in a way useful for predicting and explaining, then they are natural kinds. First. we develop an account of natural kinds that accommodates the cognitive. Second, we show how statements using these are not reducible to statements about physical kinds, involving biological and social facts. Finally, Virtual Machine Functionalism is defended as the...

This book provides an English translation of the work Principles of the Probability Calculus published in 1886 by Johannes von Kries, which discusses the range theory of probability. It offers a novel account of the foundations of probability, an account which was familiar to Keynes, Kneale, Weber, Reichenbach, and von Mises. This account dispenses with the principle of indifference in probability, and it introduces the method of arbitrary functions. Confusions in the history of probability are pinpointed, and a novel theory is developed in which probability is neither entirely subjective...

Das vorliegende Buch zielt darauf ab, die verschiedenen Konzeptionen des „Menschen“, die eng mit der Produktion von anthropologischem Wissen in einem technowissenschaftlichen Umfeld verbunden sind, zu untersuchen. Hierfür sollen historische und philosophische Perspektiven auf die anthropologische Frage, die den Technowissenschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts innewohnt, zusammen gebracht werden und ein Beitrag zur aktuellen historischen und philosophischen Debatte über die kognitiven, produktiven und anthropologischen Modi geleistet werden. Die unterschiedlichen Problematisierungen, die...

This annual edited volume explores a wide range of topics in digital ethics and governance. Included are chapters that: analyze the opportunities and ethical challenges posed by digital innovation; delineate new approaches to solve them; and offer concrete guidance on how to govern emerging technologies. The contributors are all members of the Digital Ethics Lab (the DELab) at the Oxford Internet Institute, a research environment that draws on a wide range of academic traditions.

Collectively, the chapters of this book illustrate how the field of digital ethics - whether understood...

Traditionally, philosophers have argued that epistemology is a normative discipline and therefore occupied with an a priori analysis of the necessary and sufficient conditions that a belief must fulfill to be acceptable as knowledge. But such an approach makes sense only if human knowledge has some normative features, which conceptual analysis is able to disclose. As it turns out, philosophers have not been able to find such features unless they are very selective in their choice of examples of knowledge. Much of what we intuitively think functions as knowledge, both in human and non-human...

This book examines education as a means to explore knowledge and literacy in the Old Babylonian period. It further employs a new method to research these topics. Contrary to numerous existing studies on the subject, the author examines elementary education globally, that is, in pursuit of Old Babylonian education in its entirety. Typically, education is examined in a piecemeal fashion. It's as if education centered on lexicography alone or mathematics alone. This work encompasses a view about educational content and knowledge systems, as opposed to only specific aspects or branches of...

This book explores contributions by some of the most influential women in the history of philosophy, science, and literature. Ranging from Sappho and Sophie Germain to Stebbing and Evelyn Fox Keller, this work ultimately demonstrates the impact these non-canonical, sometimes unknown or hidden, sources had, or may have had, on the recognized male leaders in their fields, from Aristotle to Pascal, Kant, Whitehead, and Russell. Chapters reflect philosophical pluralism, both analytic and continental themes, and cover figures reaching across the entire history of ideas in the West, from...