This book examines Western efforts at democracy promotion, reactions by illiberal challengers and regional powers, and political and societal conditions in target states. It is argued that Western powers are not unequivocally committed to the promotion of democracy and human rights, while non-democratic regional powers cannot simply be described as "autocracy supporters." This volume examines in detail the challenges by three illiberal regional powers China, Russia and Saudi Arabia to Western (US and EU) efforts at democracy promotion. The contributions specifically analyze their actions...